2015—2020年南宁市饮用水11种重金属暴露特征及变化趋势  

Exposure characteristics and changing trends of 11 heavy metals in drinking water in Nanning City from 2015 to 2020

作　　者：蔡美 王孔前[2] 麻晓莉[2] Cai Mei;Wang Kongqian;Ma Xiaoli(The 923rd Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army,Nanning 530020,China;Nanning Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Nanning 530023,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九二三医院,南宁530020 [2]南宁市疾病预防控制中心,南宁530023

出　　处：《广西医科大学学报》2023年第8期1407-1413,共7页Journal of Guangxi Medical University

基　　金：广西壮族自治区卫生健康委自筹经费青年基金计划课题资助项目(No.Z20190185)。

摘　　要：目的:研究南宁市2015—2020年饮用水重金属含量、变化趋势及影响因素。方法:收集2015—2020年南宁市所辖城市和农村共6983份饮用水样本中11种重金属[砷(As)、镉(Cd)、铬(Cr)、铅(Pb)、汞(Hg)、硒(Se)、铝(Al)、铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)、铜(Cu)和锌(Zn)]检测值,分析重金属暴露水平及变化趋势。结果:南宁市饮用水11种重金属中除Cd、Cr、Hg和Cu外,其他7种金属均超标,居于前4位的为Mn、Zn、Fe和Al,超标率分别为1.82%、1.76%、1.26%和0.93%。重金属总超标率呈逐年下降趋势,由2015年的9.87%下降至2020年的3.22%,Mn、Fe、Hg和Al浓度在年度之间的变化不明显。Hg、Al和Zn 3种重金属丰水期污染指数高于枯水期。沉淀过滤和消毒等水处理工艺能够影响重金属暴露水平,Se经沉淀过滤其浓度降低,沉淀过滤和消毒处理均能降低Mn的超标率,Al经沉淀过滤其污染水平有所提高。结论:南宁市饮用水重金属含量和污染水平呈逐年下降趋势,工业、农业和生活污染逐步得到控制,需关注丰水期中自然界本底较高和受外来因素影响较大的重金属,建议加大水处理的技术革新避免引入新的污染。Objective:To study the heavy metal concentrations,changing trends and influencing factors in drinking water from 2015 to 2020 in Nanning City.Methods:The detection values of 11 heavy metals[arsenic(As),cadmium(Cd),chromium(Cr),lead(Pb),mercury(Hg),selenium(Se),aluminum(Al),iron(Fe),manganese(Mn),copper(Cu)and zinc(Zn)]in 6,983 drinking water samples from urban and rural areas in Nanning City from 2015 to 2020 were collected.The exposure levels of heavy metals and their changing trends were analyzed.Results:Among the 11 heavy metals in drinking water in Nanning,except Cd,Cr,Hg and Cu,the concentrations of other seven metals exceeded the national standards,and the top four metals were Mn,Zn,Fe and Al,with the over-standard rates of 1.82%,1.76%,1.26%and 0.93%,respectively.The total over-standard rates of heavy metals showed a descending trend year by year,from 9.87%in 2015 to 3.22%in 2020.The concentrations of Mn,Fe,Hg and Al presented no significant changes in different years.The pollution indexes of the 3 heavy metals Hg,Al and Zn in the wet season were higher than those in the dry season.Water treatment processes such as precipitation filtration and disinfection could affect the exposure levels of heavy metals.The concentration of Se decreased by precipitation filtration.Both precipitation filtration and disinfection could reduce the over-standard rate of Mn,while the pollution level of Al increased by precipitation filtration.Conclusion:The concentrations and pollution levels of heavy metals in the drinking water in Nanning show a descending trend year by year,and industrial,agricultural and domestic pollution are gradually controlled.Special attention should be paid to the heavy metals with high natural background in the wet season and great influence by external factors and it is suggested to strengthen the technological innovation in water treatment to avoid bringing in additional pollutants.

关 键 词：饮用水 重金属 暴露特征 变化趋势 

分 类 号：R123.1[医药卫生—环境卫生学]