我国生活垃圾填埋场恶臭污染控制相关标准的思考和建议  

Standards for odor pollution control in municipal solid waste landfills in China:Thoughts and suggestions

作　　者：王玉婧 吕凡[1,2] 康心悦 章骅 何品晶[1,2] Yujing Wang;Fan Lü;Xinyue Kang;Hua Zhang;Pinjing He(College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China;Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security,Shanghai 200092,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学环境科学与工程学院,上海200092 [2]上海污染控制与生态安全研究院,上海200092

出　　处：《科学通报》2023年第21期2756-2761,共6页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：上海市国资委企业创新发展和能级提升(2022028)资助。

摘　　要：填埋是全球垃圾处理处置的主要方式之一^([1]).在我国,随着生活垃圾分类制度的实施,原生垃圾填埋占比逐渐降低,但在部分地区,填埋仍是生活垃圾无害化处理的主要方式.2021年全国城市生活垃圾卫生填埋量约占无害化处理量的21%,西部和东北部分地区的占比高于40%^([2]),县城生活垃圾卫生填埋量的占比则高达57%^([3]).此外,存量填埋设施是我国生态环境新的风险点.Landfilling is one of the major disposal methods for municipal solid waste(MSW)in China.Odor pollution from MSW landfills has been a social issue causing considerable public complaints.Standards related to odor pollution control are important bases of the environmental law-enforcement and management,which leads the development of related technologies,and has great significance in sustainable development.Characterization of odor emissions is the basis of establishing standards for odor pollution control in MSW landfills.There have been a large number of studies on the odor emissions in MSW landfills,and several odorants have been identified as the dominant odor contributors.In China,standards related to odor pollution control in MSW landfills,such as“Standard for pollution control on municipal solid waste landfill(GB 16889-2008)”,have been established.However,there are problems and challenges for the standards.Firstly,most of the existing emission standards for odorants are universal,not specific for MSW landfills,leading to the incomplete control indexes.For example,propanethiol has been identified as a dominant odor contributor in landfills,but it is not a control index in the standards.Secondly,the lack of measurement methods for odorants with low concentrations also contributes to the incompleteness of the standards.The detection limits of existing measurement methods could be higher than the odor detection thresholds(ODTs)of odorants,resulting in the underestimation of several odorants and the lack of operability in setting emission limits.Thirdly,the odor emission data of the MSW landfill boundary and stack are insufficient,and usually limited to hydrogen sulfide,ammonia,and odor concentration,which could not effectively support for establishing the emission standard for the MSW landfill.Finally,there are uncertainties in the major odor contributors in MSW landfills,due to the changes in the function of MSW landfills and the differences in the ODTs.With the promotion of zero landfilling of raw MSW,the wa

关 键 词：生活垃圾填埋场 垃圾填埋 恶臭污染 垃圾卫生填埋 生态环境 无害化处理 垃圾处理处置 垃圾分类制度 

分 类 号：X799.3[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X512