Advanced methodologies for the cleaning of works of art  

作　　者：CASINI Andrea CHELAZZI David BAGLIONI Piero 

机构地区：[1]CSGI and Department of Chemistry“Ugo Schiff”,University of Florence,Sesto Fiorentino,Florence 50019,Italy [2]Department of Chemistry“Ugo Schiff”and CSGI,University of Florence,Sesto Fiorentino,Florence 50019,Italy

出　　处：《Science China(Technological Sciences)》2023年第8期2162-2182,共21页中国科学（技术科学英文版）

基　　金：supported by the CSGI;the European Union(APACHE project,Horizon 2020 research and innovation program)(Grant No.814496);GREENART project;Horizon Europe research and innovation program(Grant No.101060941)。

摘　　要：Cultural heritage assets constitute a fundamental socioeconomic resource,but the actual works of art need to be maintained,counteracting degradation processes,to transfer these benefits to future generations.In particular,the removal of soil,aged coatings,and vandalism/overpaints is one of the most needed interventions in art restoration.Traditional cleaning methodologies,based on classical solution and polymer chemistry,only grant limited control of the cleaning interventions,with the risk of affecting the original components of the artifacts,and often involving the use of toxic or non-environmentally friendly compounds.Alternatively,materials science,colloids,and soft matter have provided valuable and safe solutions in the last decades.This review provides a selection of the most recent and advanced methodologies for the wet cleaning of works of art,spanning from nanostructured cleaning fluids(microemulsions,surfactants swollen micelles)to physical and chemical gels.The new methodologies work on different physico-chemical mechanisms,such as processes for detaching/dewetting,to selectively remove the unwanted layers in sustainable and cost-effective interventions.The best performing systems,like microemulsions confined in“twin-chain”polyvinyl alcohol gels,have been assessed in the cleaning of masterpieces such as works by Pablo Picasso,Jackson Pollock and Roy Lichtenstein.Particular attention is dedicated to“green”chemistry systems,using low-toxicity solvents or bio-based/waste materials to build gel networks.Finally,current trends and future perspectives are given,showing that advanced systems for art cleaning link with transversal fields of crucial importance even beyond Cultural heritage conservation,e.g.,detergency,tissue engineering,drug-delivery,food industry and cosmetics.

关 键 词：CLEANING conservation cultural heritage GELS MICROEMULSIONS SURFACTANTS COLLOIDS nanoscience 

分 类 号：K854[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]