Formation of groundwater-induced damage in Zhu Yuelian’s tomb and protection methods  

作　　者：LI Bin MEN YeKai ZHAO Gang WANG EnDe 

机构地区：[1]School of Resources&Civil Engineering,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110819,China [2]Liaoning Nonferrous Geological Exploration and Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Shenyang 110013,China [3]Academy of Dazu Rock Carvings,Chongqing 402360,China [4]School of Resource&Materials,Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao,Qinhuangdao 066004,China

出　　处：《Science China(Technological Sciences)》2023年第8期2271-2285,共15页中国科学（技术科学英文版）

基　　金：supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(Grant Nos.2016YFC0801603 and 2017YFC1503105);Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.N2123030);the Key Projects for Technological Innovation and Application Development in Chongqing(Grand No.CSTB2022TIAD-KPX0095)。

摘　　要：Zhu Yuelian’s tomb has been exposed to groundwater for many years,and this exposure has caused many defects,including erosion,encrustation,patina,and spot marks related to groundwater,seriously affecting the artistic and ornamental value of cultural relics.In this study,high-density microelectrode spacing resistivity and ultrasonic transverse wave reflection were used to detect hidden damage in the burial chamber,and the results revealed hidden damage,corrosion,cracks,and pores in the surrounding geological body,concealed cracks in the sidewalls,and internal defects in the columns.An outdoor high-density resistivity test and hydrological observation experiment indicated that the tomb is located in a weakly permeable aquifer,and the groundwater head has been higher than the bottom of the tomb for many years.Natural groundwater flows from northeast to southwest in the aquifer,and the tomb forms an artificial concave cone,causing groundwater around the area to continually flow into the tomb.A chemical composition analysis of the groundwater and scale revealed that the groundwater within the tomb area is slightly corrosive,and the groundwater seepage along the fissures of the compacted layer induces damage.The threedimensional(3D)seepage numerical simulation results indicated that the combined use of drainage and impervious curtains can cause the water head in the curtain to drop significantly and control the water head to be lower than 8 m from the bottom floor of the tomb,meeting the requirements for seepage prevention and protection of the tomb without long-term maintenance.

关 键 词：Zhu Yuelian’s tomb GROUNDWATER damage mechanism three-dimensional seepage simulation 

分 类 号：K878.8[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]