西汉经敦煌郡与匈奴在西域地区的争夺  

The Battle between the Han Dynasty and the Xiongnu for the Western Regions through Dunhuang County

作　　者：郑炳林[1,2] 陈晶晶 Zheng Binglin;Chen Jingjing

机构地区：[1]兰州大学 [2]兰州大学敦煌学研究所

出　　处：《中国社会科学院大学学报》2023年第6期72-89,154,155,F0003,共21页Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金冷门绝学专项学术团队项目"敦煌河西碑铭与河西史研究"(21VJXT002)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：汉武帝时期,西汉在河西击败匈奴并设置河西四郡,之后直至宣帝神爵年间,西汉以敦煌郡为基地,向西与匈奴争夺西域地区的控制权。在此期间,西汉首先经敦煌郡与西域南道,争得了对鄯善的控制权;再屯戍于渠犁、轮台,连通西域北道,同时通过联姻与乌孙结盟,对匈奴在西域东部的势力形成合围之势;之后西汉与匈奴对"车师六国"展开争夺,并形成彼此制衡的状态;最后,随着神爵二年匈奴日逐王归降与汉西域都护的设立,西汉最终赢得了对西域的争夺战。通过对传世文献与出土汉简的考证,我们可以较为清晰与详细地还原这一过程,而处在西域与河西阵地前沿位置的敦煌郡,始终扮演着极其重要的角色。During the period of Emperor Wu,the Han Dynasty defeated the Xiongnu in Hexi and set up four counties there.After that,until the reign of Emperor Xuan,the Han Dynasty took Dunhuang County(敦煌郡)as its strategic base and fought with the Xiongnu in the west for control of the Western Regions(西域).During this period,the Han Dynasty first gained control of Shanshan(鄯善)through Dunhuang and the southern road of the Western Regions,and then garrisoned Quli(渠犁)and Luntai(轮台)to connect the northern road of the Western Regions;meanwhile,the Han formed an alliance with Wusun through marriage,thus encircling the Xiongnu forces in the eastern part of the Western Regions.After that,the Han Dynasty and the Xiongnu competed for the six countries of Jushi(车师),and formed a state of checks and balances.Finally,in the second year of Shenjue,with the surrender of the Xiongnu and the appointment of duhu(protector-general)of the Western Regions,the Han Dynasty finally won the battle for the Western Regions.Through the textual research of handed down documents and unearthed bamboo slips of the Han Dynasty,we can restore this process clearly and detailedly.In this historical period,Dunhuang County,which was at the forefront of the Western Regions and Hexi,always played an extremely important role.

关 键 词：敦煌郡 西域 匈奴 鄯善 乌孙 

分 类 号：K234.1[历史地理—历史学]