火龙果软腐病病原菌鉴定及链霉菌菌株LWL1827的防效测定  

Identification of Pitaya Soft Rot and the Biocontrol Efficacy of Strep-tomyces sp.LWL1827

作　　者：张鸿雁 陈盈营[1] 周雁微 林丽静 刘锴栋 ZHANG Hongyan;CHEN Yingying;ZHOU Yanwei;LIN Lijing;LIU Kaidong(Life Science and Technology School,Lingnan Normal University,Zhanjiang,Guandong 524048,China;Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Hainan Key Laboratory of Storage and Process-ing of Fruits and Vegetables,Zhanjiang,Guangdong 524001,China;College of Life Science and Technology,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing,Heilongjiang 163319,China)

机构地区：[1]岭南师范学院生命科学与技术学院,广东湛江524048 [2]中国热带农业科学院农产品加工研究所/海南省果蔬贮藏与加工重点实验室,广东湛江524001 [3]黑龙江八一农垦大学生命科学技术学院,黑龙江大庆163319

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2023年第8期1689-1697,共9页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：海南省果蔬贮藏与加工重点实验室开放课题(No.HNGS202104);湛江市科技攻关计划项目(No.2020B01103);岭南师范学院人才专项(No.ZL2035)。

摘　　要：火龙果兼具食用和药用价值,是我国热带、亚热带地区的主要水果,储藏中容易感病,其中火龙果软腐病就是一种储藏期常见的主要病害。为明确火龙果软腐病病原菌种类和拮抗放线菌对病原菌的抑菌效果及防治作用,本研究采用组织分离法,选择典型软腐病发病果实进行病原菌的分离、纯化和鉴定,并采用无伤和针刺法回接进行致病性测定。以26株链霉菌作为供试拮抗菌株,采用琼脂块法、生长速率法研究其对病原菌菌丝生长的抑制作用,并通过链霉菌LWL1827无菌发酵滤液喷涂于火龙果果实进行防病效果及抗性酶活性测定。结果表明,经形态学和分子鉴定发现,引起火龙果软腐病的病原菌ZYW18为串珠镰刀菌(Fusarium verticillioides),致病性测定表明菌株ZYW18为致病菌。链霉菌LWL1827可显著抑制病原菌生长,抑菌圈直径为(18.32±2.13)mm,透明,1:5、1:10、1:50(V/V)不同浓度无菌发酵滤液的抑菌率分别为91.23%±3.11%、87.21%±3.22%、80.22%±2.03%,与其他拮抗菌之间差异显著(P<0.05)。病情指数降低效果较明显的为浓度1:10(5 d),病情指数为11.00±1.03,防治效果(53.59%±4.21%)较好。以浓度1:10的链霉菌LWL1827无菌发酵滤液处理火龙果不同时间后,发现其能显著提高火龙果抗性酶多酚氧化酶(PPO)、过氧化物酶(POD)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性,处理后3种酶活性甚至是对照的2~3倍,且LWL1827滤液能降低储藏火龙果的病情指数,提高防治效果。引起火龙果软腐病的病原菌为串珠镰刀菌(F.verticillioides),为我国首次报道。链霉菌LWL1827对病原菌ZYW18的抑菌效果显著,可提高火龙果的抗病性,对储藏火龙果具有良好的拮抗防病作用。Pitaya has both edible and medicinal value,the major fruit in tropical and subtropical regions of China.But it is susceptible to diseases during storage.Pitaya soft rot disease is a common major disease in storage.To clarify the pathogen of pitaya soft rot,the antagonist activity and inhibition effect of antagonistic actinomycetes against pathogen,pitaya with soft rot characteristics were used to isolate pathogens by tissue separation,purification and identification.The pathogenicity of pathogen was determined by inoculated without injuries and fruit acupuncture inoculation.26 Streptomyces spp.as the antagonist strains were tested.The inhibitory effects of cell-free filtrate on mycelial growth of the pathogen were studied by agar block method and growth rate methods.Control effect of LWL1827 cell-free filtrate spraying of different concentration and PPO,POD and PAL activity of concentration 1∶10 were carried out.ZYW18 was the pathogenic fungus according to the pathogenicity test,which was identified as Fusarium verticillioides based on morphological characteristics and molecular identification.LWL1827 could significantly inhibit the mycelia growth of ZYW18,the radius of inhibition zone was(18.32±2.13)mm,and the colony extension was inhibited significantly,the inhibitary rates of sterile fermentation filtrates with different concentrations of 1∶5、1∶10、1∶50 was 91.23%±3.11%,87.21%±3.22%,80.22%±2.03%,respectively.LWL1827 cell-free filtrate(1∶10)significantly improved the activity of PPO,POD and PAL,even 2-3 times higher than that of the control.Meanwhile,LWL1827 could reduce disease index and improve its control effect.Conclusively,the pathogen that causes pitaya is identified as F.verticillioides.This is the first report of pitaya caused by F.verticillioides.The Streptomyces sp.LWL1827 has significant antagonistic effect,and the antagonistic strain LWL1827 has potential value in biological control against pitaya soft sot.

关 键 词：火龙果 串珠镰刀菌 链霉菌 拮抗作用 

分 类 号：S436.67[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]