基于三电极的便携式重金属离子检测仪研制与应用  

Development and Application of a Portable Heavy Metal Ion Detector Based on Three Electrodes

作　　者：高鋆函 赵杰[1] 邓宇珩 袁剑英 崔国峰[2,3] GAO Jun-han;ZHAO Jie;DENG Yu-heng;YUAN Jian-ying;CUI Guo-feng(School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510640,China;School of Chemistry,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China;Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Chemistry&Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China)

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学机械与汽车工程学院,广东广州510640 [2]中山大学化学学院,广东广州510275 [3]中山大学广东省低碳化学与过程节能重点实验室,广东广州510275

出　　处：《分析测试学报》2023年第9期1096-1103,共8页Journal of Instrumental Analysis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51571093,51271205);惠州市“天鹅计划”(20170220011822281,20170220085037390)。

摘　　要：该文研制了一种小型化重金属离子检测仪。该仪器具有高精度、稳定、便携等优点,能够精准输出-2.5~+2.5 V范围内的激励信号,通过调节8种不同的增益,可检测pA~mA范围内的电流,满足痕量重金属离子的检测需求。验证了检测仪的4项硬件参数性能,包括:激励信号输出精度、恒电位电路的稳定性、微小电流检测的准确性以及整体伏安性能测试。电化学性能通过在铁氰化钾溶液中以不同扫描速率的循环伏安实验进行验证,得出峰值电流高度与扫描速率的平方根呈线性关系,相关系数(r^(2))均大于0.99。以未经修饰的丝网印刷金电极作为传感器,采用方波阳极溶出伏安法(SWASV)检测Pb^(2+),得到10~100μg/L质量浓度范围内的校准曲线,检出限达0.295μg/L,且重复性良好。通过与台式电化学分析设备Gamry Reference 600+进行比较,得到近乎一致的校准曲线,r^(2)分别为0.9989和0.9991,体现了所研制仪器的可靠性。该仪器在提供强大的检测性能和可靠性的同时,实现了低成本和便携性,可用于环境水体中重金属离子的现场检测。Heavy metal ions in environmental water are extremely harmful to human health and the ecological environment.This paper proposes a miniaturized heavy metal ion detector,which has the advantages of high precision,stability,and portability.The device can accurately output excitation signals in the-2.5-+2.5 V range,and by adjusting 8 different gains,it can detect the current in range of pA-mA to meet the detection requirements of trace heavy metal ions.Four tests are carried out to verify the hardware parameter performance of the heavy metal detector,including:the accura⁃cy of the stimulus signal,the stability of the potentiostatic circuit,the accuracy of microcurrent de⁃tection and the overall volt-ampere performance test.The electrochemical performance was verified by cyclic voltammetry experiments at different scanning speeds in potassium ferricyanide solution,and the linear relationship between the peak current height and the square root of scanning speed was obtained,and the linear correlation coefficients(r^(2))were all greater than 0.99.Square wave anodic stripping voltammetry(SWASV)was used to detect Pb^(2+)with unmodified screen printed gold electrode as the sensor.The calibration curve in the concentration range of 10-100μg/L was obtained,and the detection limit was 0.295μg/L with good repeatability.By comparing with the bench-top electro⁃chemical analytical equipment Gamry Reference 600+,nearly consistent calibration curves were ob⁃tained,with r^(2) being 0.9989 and 0.9991,respectively,indicating the reliability of the developed equipment.The proposed heavy metal detector not only provides strong detection performance and re⁃liability,but also achieves low cost and portability,and can be used for on-site detection of heavy metal ions in environmental water.

关 键 词：恒电位仪 电化学 重金属离子检测 铅 方波阳极溶出伏安法 微电流检测 

分 类 号：O657.1[理学—分析化学] X132[理学—化学]