祁连山高寒草甸植被和土壤养分对放牧模式的响应  

Responses of alpine meadow vegetation and soil nutrients to different grazing methods in Qilian Mountains

作　　者：安海涛 曹文侠[1] 李文[1] 刘玉祯 王世林 辛雨琼 王金兰 AN Hai-tao;CAO Wen-xia;LI Wen;LIU Yu-zhen;WANG Shi-lin;XIN Yu-qiong;WANG Jin-lan(College of Grassland Science,Gansu Agricultural University,Key Laboratory for Grassland Ecosystem,Ministry of Education,Grassland Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province,Sino-U.S.Centers for Grazing Land Ecosystem Sustainability,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学草业学院,草业生态系统教育部重点实验室,甘肃省草业工程实验室,中-美草地畜牧业可持续发展研究中心,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《草原与草坪》2023年第4期97-104,112,共9页Grassland and Turf

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32060269)。

摘　　要：【目的】合理放牧对高寒草地的可持续发展具有重要意义,而不同放牧模式对高寒草甸植被特征和土壤养分的影响仍有争议。【方法】选取东祁连山全年连续放牧、休眠季放牧以及禁牧3种模式高寒草甸为研究对象,对不同放牧模式下植被和土壤指标的变化进行系统分析。【结果】植被高度和地上生物量均在禁牧样地最高,休眠季放牧样地次之,且禁牧样地显著增加了禾本科植物的盖度和密度。土壤含水量、有机质、全效以及速效养分含量均在0-10 cm土层差异显著(P<0.05),且均为禁牧样地含量最高。速效氮含量与全氮和有机质含量显著正相关,与容重显著负相关,与速效钾含量和含水量极显著正相关(P<0.01)。【结论】全年连续放牧公共草场并未完全退化,需要政府及牧民进行科学管理和有效恢复,而短期禁牧和休眠季放牧有利于草地生产力提升和土壤养分保持,退化较重的草场选择短期禁牧,休眠季放牧草场建议配套补饲和提前转场,从而改良东祁连山区草甸类草地植被和土壤。【Objective】Rational grazing is of great significance in the sustainable development of alpine mead⁃ows,but the effects of different grazing patterns on vegetation characteristics and soil nutrients in alpine meadows are still controversial.【Method】In this study,three alpine meadows with continuous grazing throughout the year,grazing in dormant season,and no grazing were selected as the research objects.The changes of vegetation and soil indexes under different grazing patterns were systematically analyzed.【Result】The results showed that the vegetation height and aboveground biomass were the highest in the grazing prohibition plots,followed by grazing in the dormant season.The grazing prohibition significantly increased the coverage and density of grasses.The soil water content,organic matter,total effective and available nutrient contents were significantly different in the 0-10 cm soil layer(P<0.05),and all the contents of the prohibited grazing plots were the highest.Available nitrogen content was signifi⁃cantly positively correlated with total nitrogen and organic matter content,significantly negatively correlated with bulk density,and extremely significantly positively correlated with available potassium and water content(P<0.01).【Conclusion】Continuous grazing throughout the year has not completely degraded public pastures,which requires sci⁃entific management and effective restoration by the government and herdsmen.Short⁃term grazing prohibition and grazing in dormant seasons are beneficial to the improvement of grassland productivity and soil nutrient retention.Pas⁃ture with heavy degradation should be banned for a short time.For dormant grazing pastures,supplementary feeding and early transfer are recommended to improve meadow⁃like grassland vegetation and soil in the East Qilian Moun⁃tains.

关 键 词：祁连山 草甸草地 植被 土壤养分 相关性分析 

分 类 号：S812.8[农业科学—草业科学]