2017—2021年合肥市生活饮用水健康风险评估  

Health risk assessment of drinking water in Hefei city from 2017 to 2021

作　　者：余林玲 肖长春[1] YU Lin-ling;XIAO Chang-chun(Hefei Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Hefei,Anhui 230091,China)

机构地区：[1]合肥市疾病预防控制中心,安徽合肥230091

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2023年第17期3246-3251,共6页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的评估2017—2021年合肥市生活饮用水中17种常规监测指标的经口途径健康风险,为合肥市饮用水管理提供理论依据。方法合肥市共纳入市区监测点95个,农村监测点252个,分别在丰水期和枯水期进行饮用水质量监测,采用美国国家环境保护署(US EPA)经典“四步法”对饮用水常规17项指标进行健康风险评估,并对性别、水样、水期和地区进行分层分析。结果2017—2021年合肥市饮用水17项指标中有6项指标存在一定致癌风险,CR值介于1×10^(-6)~1×10^(-4)之间,其中致癌风险最高为镉(2.59×10^(-4))。17项指标非致癌风险均不高(HQ<1),其中非致癌风险最大为氟化物(HQ=0.93)。分层分析显示,6种指标的致癌风险在男性和女性之间均有统计学差异(P<0.001);丰水期饮用水中铅、镉、铬和四氯化碳致癌风险均高于枯水期(Z_(铅)=-3.616,P<0.001;Z_(镉)=-2.397,P=0.017;Z_(铬)=-4.733,P<0.001;Z_(四氯化碳)=-2.833,P=0.004),而三氯甲烷则相反(Z_(三氯甲烷)=-5.867,P<0.001);砷、镉、铅致癌风险出厂水中显著高于末梢水(Z_(砷)=-3.263,P=0.001;Z_(镉)=-3.410,P=0.001;Z_(铅)=-6.076,P<0.001),而出厂水中铬和三氯甲烷的致癌风险则明显低于末梢水(Z_(铬)=-4.515,P<0.001;Z_(三氯甲烷)=-7.521,P<0.001);农村地区饮用水中砷、镉和铅致癌风险显著高于城市地区(Z_(砷)=-3.732,P<0.001;Z_(镉)=-2.025,P=0.043;Z_(铅)=-2.718,P=0.007)。结论2017—2021年合肥市生活饮用水中存在一定致癌风险,其中镉和砷为主要风险物质。Objective To evaluate the oral health risk of 17 routine monitoring indexes in drinking water in Hefei from 2017 to 2021,to provide theoretical basis for drinking water management in Hefei.Methods A total of 95 monitoring sites in urban areas and 252 in rural areas were included,and the quality of drinking water was monitored in wet season and dry season,respectively.The health risk assessment of 17 drinking water routine indexes was carried out by using the classic“four-step method”of the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency(USEPA),and stratified analyses by gender,water sample,water period,and area were performed.Results Among the 17 indicators of drinking water in Hefei from 2017 to 2021,six indicators had a certain carcinogenic risk,the CR value was between 1×10^(-6) to 1×10^(-4),and the highest carcinogenic risk was cadmium(2.59×10^(-4)).The non-carcinogenic risk of 17 indexes was not high(HQ<1),among which fluoride(HQ=0.93)was the highest.Stratified analysis showed that the carcinogenic risks of the six indexes were significantly different between males and females(P<0.001),and the carcinogenic risks of lead,cadmium,chromium,and carbon tetrachloride in drinking water in wet season were higher than those in dry season(Z_(lead)=-3.616,P<0.001;Z_(Cd)=-2.397,P=0.017;Z_(Cr)=-4.733,P<0.001;Z_(tetrachloride)=-2.833,P=0.004),while trichloromethane was the opposite(Z trichloromethane=-5.867,P<0.001).The carcinogenic risk of arsenic,cadmium,and lead in factory water was significantly higher than that in peripheral water(Z_(arsenic)=-3.263,P=0.001;Z_(Cd)=-3.410,P=0.001;Z _(lead)=-6.076,P<0.001),but the carcinogenic risk of chromium and trichloromethane in factory water was significantly lower than that in tap water(Z_(chromium)=-4.515,P<0.001;Z_(trichloromethane)=-7.521,P<0.001),and the carcinogenic risk of arsenic,cadmium,and lead in drinking water in rural areas was significantly higher than that in urban areas(Z _(As)=-3.732,P<0.001;Z_(Cd)=-2.025,P=0.043,Z_(lead)=-2.718,P=0.007).Conclusion There is a certain

关 键 词：生活饮用水 健康风险评估 致癌风险 

分 类 号：R123.1[医药卫生—环境卫生学]