水氮调控对棉花生理性状及产量的影响  

Effects of water and nitrogen regulation on physiological characteristics and yield of cotton

作　　者：孟妍君 马鑫颖 宋晨 孙红春[2] 刘连涛[2] 张科 张永江[2] 白志英[1,2] 李存东 MENG Yanjun;MA Xinying;SONG Chen;SUN Hongchun;LIU Liantao;ZHANG Ke;ZHANG Yongjiang;BAI Zhiying;LI Cundong(College of Life Science,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,China;State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improve ment and Regulation/Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province/College of Agronomy,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学生命科学学院,保定071000 [2]华北作物改良与调控国家重点实验室/河北省作物生长调控重点实验室/河北农业大学农学院,保定071000

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报（中英文）》2023年第9期1379-1391,共13页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：河北省重点研发计划项目(20326409D);河北省自然科学基金项目(C2022204036);华北作物改良与调控国家重点实验室自主研究课题(NCCIR2020ZZ-18);河北省现代棉花产业技术体系(HBCT2023070207)资助。

摘　　要：水分和氮素是影响棉花生长发育和产量的主要因子,为探究水分和氮素对棉花形态、生理特性以及产量的调控效应,本研究以‘农大棉36号’为材料,设置干旱胁迫(W1,相对含水量为45%±5%)和正常供水(W2,相对含水量为70%±5%)两个水分条件以及不施氮肥(N0)、低氮[N1,69mg(N)∙kg^(-1)]、常规施氮[N2,138mg(N)∙kg^(-1)]3个氮素水平,分析不同水分和氮肥条件下棉花地上部和根系形态、光合性状、抗氧化酶活性、氮代谢酶活性以及产量的变化。结果表明,与W2处理相比,W1处理显著抑制了棉花生长,降低了棉花株高、茎粗、叶面积以及总根长、总根表面积、平均根直径(P<0.05),显著增加了超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,降低了相对叶绿素含量(SPAD)、最大光化学效率(F_(v)/F_(m))和光合能力,从而造成棉花产量下降(P<0.05);与N2处理相比,N0和N1处理上述指标均显著降低。干旱胁迫下,常规施氮处理比不施氮肥和低氮处理促进棉花地上和地下生长,显著提高主茎叶SPAD、净光合速率和F_(v)/F_(m)(P<0.05),增强抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、CAT)和氮代谢酶(GS和NR)活性(P<0.05),减轻干旱胁迫对棉花生长造成的抑制,提高棉花产量。在低氮条件下,正常供水比干旱胁迫处理亦促进棉花的生长,增强光合作用和氮代谢酶活性,减缓了低氮胁迫对其产生的不利影响,提高产量(P<0.05)。因此,可通过增施氮肥提高干旱胁迫下的棉花产量,亦可通过适当增加灌水量提高低氮胁迫下的棉花产量,本研究为明确氮素胁迫和水分胁迫下合理的水肥管理提供了理论依据。Water and nitrogen are the main factors affecting the growth,development,and yield of cotton.In this study,“Nongda Cot-ton No.36”was selected to investigate the effects of water and nitrogen on morphology,physiological characteristics,and yield of cotton.Two water conditions were set:drought stress(W1,relative water content was 45%±5%)and normal water supply(W2,relat-ive water content was 70%±5%),and three nitrogen levels:no nitrogen(N0),low nitrogen[N1,69 mg(N)∙kg^(-1)],and normal nitrogen fertilizers[N2,138 mg(N)∙kg^(-1)].Changes in aboveground and root morphology,photosynthetic characteristics,antioxidant enzyme activity,nitrogen metabolism enzyme activity,and cotton yield were analyzed under different water and nitrogen fertilizer conditions.The results showed that compared with the W2 treatments,the W1 treatments significantly inhibited cotton growth and decreased plant height,stem diameter,leaf area,total root length,total root surface area,and average root diameter(P<0.05).The activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),and catalase(CAT)were significantly enhanced,the relative chlorophyll content(SPAD)and maximum photochemical efficiency(F_(v)/F_(m))were decreased,and the photosynthetic capacity was weakened,resulting in a decrease in cotton yield(P<0.05).Compared with the N2 treatments,the N0 and N1 treatments significantly reduced plant height,stem diameter,leaf area,total root length,total root surface area,and average root diameter of cotton(P<0.05).The activities of SOD,POD,CAT,glutamine synthetase(GS),nitrate reductase(NR),SPAD,and F_(v)/F_(m) in cotton were significantly decreased under the N0 and N1 treatments,and the photosynthetic capacity of cotton was weakened.Thus,the cotton yield decreased(P<0.05).Under drought stress,conventional nitrogen application promoted the growth of the aboveground and underground parts of cotton;signific-antly increased the SPAD,net photosynthetic rate,and F_(v)/F_(m) in main-stem leaves(P<0.05);and enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes

关 键 词：棉花 水氮调控 植株形态 生理性状 籽棉产量 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]