皖北地区东汉抱鼓石祠堂研究  

A Study on the Eastern Han Ancestral Halls with Drum-Shaped Stones in Northern Anhui

作　　者：王传明 WANG Chuan-ming(School of History and Culture,Shandong University,Jinan,Shandong,250100;Changsha Municipal Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology,Changsha,Hunan,410005)

机构地区：[1]山东大学历史文化学院,山东济南250100 [2]长沙市文物考古研究所,湖南长沙410005

出　　处：《东南文化》2023年第4期76-91,共16页Southeast Culture

摘　　要：皖北地区淮北市和萧县发现的抱鼓石祠堂有着前室后龛的独特造型,通过前室后龛画像的配置情况可知,工匠并没有将祠堂构建为人间宅院的前堂与后室,而是前室的人间世界与后龛的西王母和东王公的神仙世界。前室的人间世界是祠主后人所能到达的最远之地,后龛的西王母和东王公的神仙世界是祠主所升往和新生之地,并且可以乘坐车马来到人间世界,享受其后人供奉的酒食与祭祀。这显现出建筑结构与画像所构建世界的割裂。祠主与其后人在前室人间世界的共存与发生关联明显有别于山东苍山元嘉元年画像石墓题记所表达的“长就幽冥则决绝,毕圹之后不复发”墓主与其后人的“决绝”关系。这些都为审视汉代地上祠堂与地下墓葬的建筑结构、画像配置和丧葬逻辑等问题提供了非常有价值的新材料。The ancestral halls with drum-shaped stones discovered in the northern areas of Anhui,specifically in Huaibei and Xiaoxian,feature a unique architectural design with a front chamber and a rear niche.The arrangement of portraits in the front chamber and rear niche reveals that the craftsmen did not construct the ancestral halls as a front chamber and rear room typical of earthly residences.Instead,the front chamber represents the mortal world of the descendants,while the rear niche represents the divine realm of the Queen Mother of the West and the Eastern King Father.The front chamber symbolizes the farthest place accessible to the descendants,while the divine realm of the Queen Mother of the West and the Eastern King Father represents the destination of the ancestors'ascension and rebirth.The ancestors are believed to travel between the divine realm and the mortal world,enjoying the offerings and rituals presented by their descendants.This reflects a disconnect between the constructed worlds of the architectural structure and the portraits.The coexistence and connection of the ancestors and their descendants in the mortal world's front chamber differ significantly from the"decisive"relationship depicted in the epitaph of the stone portrait tomb of the first year of Yuanjia in Cangshan,Shandong,where the ancestors are depicted as"decisive"from the afterlife and not returning.These findings provide valuable new materials for examining the architectural structure,portrait arrangement,and funerary logic of Han Dynasty ancestral halls and tombs in the netherworld.

关 键 词：汉代 皖北地区 抱鼓石祠堂 前室后龛 画像配置 丧葬逻辑 

分 类 号：K871.41[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]