《民法典》视野下产品责任惩罚性赔偿研究  

A Study on Punitive Damages for Product Liability under the Perspective of Civil Code

作　　者：黄莉萍[1] 陈飞[1] HUANG Li-ping;CHEN Fei(Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉理工大学法学与人文社会学院,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《金陵科技学院学报（社会科学版）》2023年第2期43-49,共7页Journal of Jinling Institute of Technology(Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：《民法典》在继承《侵权责任法》对产品责任惩罚性赔偿规定的基础之上,新增惩罚性赔偿的适用前提,坚持以填补损失为原则、惩罚不法行为为例外的侵权损害赔偿体系,是立法上的进步,但也存在产品法律概念模糊、主观过错解释存在争议、赔偿标准缺失等问题,难以对受害者进行有效救济。产品责任惩罚性赔偿作为私法中的强制性规范,在适用上应当符合私法的精神和原则,同时也应当保持一定的谦抑性。运用实证研究法和规范分析法,在适用对象上重新明确产品的法律概念,在主观要件上将明知解释为故意和重大过失,在惩罚性赔偿金的计算上引入效用理论分析方法,合理确定赔偿金额。On the basis of the provisions on punitive damages for product liability inherited from Tort Liability Law,Civil Code newly adds a prerequisite for the application of punitive damages,and insists on the tort damage compensation system that takes filling the losses as the principle and punishing the illegal acts as an exception.It is a legislative progress,but there are also problems such as the vague legal concept on products,disputes over the interpretation of subjective faults,and the lack of compensation standards,which make it difficult to provide effective relief to victims.As a mandatory norm in private law,punitive damages for product liability should be applied in accordance with the spirit and principles of private law,and should also maintain a certain degree of modesty.Using the methods of empirical research and the normative analysis,the legal concept of product is redefined in terms of the applicable object,knowing is interpreted as intention and gross negligence in terms of subjective elements,and the utility theory analysis method is introduced to reasonably determine the amount of compensation in terms of calculating punitive damages.

关 键 词：产品责任 惩罚性赔偿 侵权责任 构成要件 法律规范 《民法典》 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]