从认知科学看人工智能的未来发展  

The Future Development of AI from the Perspective of Cognitive Science

作　　者：蔡曙山 Cai Shushan

机构地区：[1]清华大学社会科学学院心理学系 [2]清华大学心理学与认知科学研究中心

出　　处：《学术前沿》2023年第14期13-28,共16页Frontiers

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“语言、思维、文化层级的高阶认知研究”;贵州省哲学社会科学规划国学单列重大项目“认知科学与阳明心学的实证研究”的阶段性成果,项目编号分别为:15ZDB017、20GZGX10。

摘　　要：乔姆斯基的生成转换语法(GT语法)是语言学革命和认知科学革命的基础,今天它又成为ChatGPT的理论依据。从GT语法到ChatGPT,人工智能到底走了多远?从乔姆斯基GT语法分析和语言认知入手,我们重新认识乔姆斯基语言学革命的意义,揭示人工智能与人类心智之间的紧密关联、依存关系和发展动力。认知科学的建立使我们有可能从多学科综合的高度来理解人类心智与人工智能。在此基础上,我们以ChatGPT为例,分析这款人工智能软件的利弊得失及其所造成的困惑,提出“人工智能不能做什么”这个终极问题,并尝试给出我们的回答。人工智能就是人类所建造的非人类的智能,它不过是对人类心智的模仿。人工智能与人类心智的差别,本质在于高阶认知(人类认知),在于语言认知及其基础之上的思维认知和文化认知。人工智能今后的发展必然是体现语言驱动的、语言、思维和文化层级的人类心智和认知特征的新一代人工智能。语言认知、思维认知和文化认知将在未来的人工智能发展中扮演重要角色。Chomsky's Generative translational grammar(GT grammar)is the foundation of the revolution of linguistics and the cognitive science.Today it is also the theoretical basis of ChatGPT.How far has AI really been going from GT to ChatGPT?Starting from Chomsky GT grammar analysis and his language cognition,we re-comprehend the significance of Chomsky linguistic revolution,and reveal the close correlation,dependency and development motivation between artificial intelligence and human mind.The establishment of cognitive science has made it possible for us to understand the human mind and artificial intelligence from a multidisciplinary and synthetical perspective.On this basis,take ChatGPT as an example,we analyze the advantages and disadvantages of this AI software and the confusion it causes,ask the ultimate question"what can't artificial intelligence do",and try to give our answers.Artificial intelligence is non-human intelligence built by humans,which is nothing more than an imitation of the human mind.The essential diference between artificial intelligence and human mind lies in higher order cognition(human cognition),ie.,in thinking cognition and language cognition as its basic.The future development of AI is bound to be a new generation of AI that reflects the human mental and cognitive characteristics,that is,language cognition,thinking cognition and cultural cognition driven by language.Language cognition,thinking cognition and cultural cognition will play an important role in the future development of artificial intelligence.

关 键 词：人类心智 人工智能 乔姆斯基 GT语法 ChatGPT 

分 类 号：TB18[一般工业技术]