二维储能材料中的精细结构与物性  

Fine structure and property of two-dimensional energy storage materials

作　　者：易莎 拱越 郑强[2] 张熊[1] 谷林 Sha Yi;Yue Gong;Qiang Zheng;Xiong Zhang;Lin Gu(Institute of Electrical Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,National Center for Nanoscience and Technology,Beijing 100190,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院电工研究所,北京100190 [2]国家纳米科学中心,中国科学院纳米标准与检测重点实验室,北京100190 [3]清华大学材料学院,北京100084

出　　处：《科学通报》2023年第22期2911-2923,共13页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52002396)资助。

摘　　要：二维材料因其独特的原子结构和电子结构在众多领域都具有重要的价值.在储能领域中,二维材料因其层间和层内的物理特性也吸引了大量的研究工作致力于此.但是目前二维材料在储能体系中未得到广泛的应用,究其本质是源自实际体系的复杂性,导致二维材料并不能像完美模型一样进行储能,而是在工作过程中发生结构不可逆的转化和堆叠,产生各种缺陷和新奇结构.因此,对二维储能材料真实结构的研究至关重要.但是在其构效关系的探索和建立过程中面临着很多困难和不足,对二维储能材料的认知仍然有所欠缺.由此问题出发,本文综述了研究较为广泛的二维储能材料:石墨烯类材料、过渡金属二硫族化合物类材料和MXene材料,并从精细结构与物性关联的角度,讨论了当下二维储能材料所面临的问题.进一步,从电子显微学方法构建构效关系角度出发,介绍了多种先进的原位表征方法和轨道自旋结构解析方法,为解决当下面临的问题提供思路.最后,本文在总结现阶段不同二维储能材料体系构效关系和所面临问题的基础上,将二维储能材料和二维材料器件关联讨论并展望.Two-dimensional materials possess unique atomic structures and electronic structures,rendering them significant in various fields.In the field of energy storage,two-dimensional materials have garnered considerable attention due to their interlayer and intralayer physical properties.The van der Waals interaction interlayer position is considered to be an ideal channel for ion transport.As for electrons,both interlayer and intralayer structural changes of two-dimensional materials can adjust its transport properties.However,in actual research and applications,it is found that two-dimensional materials have not fully shown their capabilities.The essence is derived from the complexity of the actual system,which leads to the fact that two-dimensional materials cannot store energy like a perfect model,but stack up during the working process,resulting in various defects and novel structures.Therefore,the research on the real structure of energy storage twodimensional materials is very important,but there are many difficulties and deficiencies in the process of exploring and establishing its structure-property relationship,so the current knowledge of energy storage two-dimensional materials is still limited.The reasons for this situation lie in the limitations of structural analysis methods and the physical properties of 2D materials themselves.Transmission electron microscopy is one of the important methods to explore the local fine structure,but it is still difficult to analyze the fine structure at the picometer scale in the field of energy storage twodimensional materials.Two-dimensional materials for energy storage have complex structures and are generally sensitive to high energy electron beams,which has caused many difficulties in sample preparation and characterization.Based on these problems,this review discusses the relationship between structures and properties of graphene and graphene-like materials,transition metal dichalcogenides and TMDs-like materials and MXene materials.By summarizing research of two-dim

关 键 词：二维材料 储能 电池 超级电容器 构效关系 

分 类 号：TB34[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]