不同黏度润滑油与冷却水温度对发动机性能影响研究  

Influence of Different Viscosity Lubricating Oil and Cooling Water Temperature on Engine Performance

作　　者：孔祥恩 姜雪丽 赵令猛 张钊[1] 吴洋亦 刘海峰[1] KONG Xiang′en;JIANG Xueli;ZHAO Lingmeng;ZHANG Zhao;WU Yangyi;LIU Haifeng(State Key Laboratory of Engines(Tianjin University),Tianjin,300072,China;Shandong Chambroad Petrochemicals Co.,Ltd.;Yuchai Machinery Co.,Ltd.)

机构地区：[1]先进内燃动力全国重点实验室(天津大学),天津300072 [2]山东京博石油化工有限公司 [3]玉柴机器股份有限公司

出　　处：《小型内燃机与车辆技术》2023年第4期1-9,共9页Small Internal Combustion Engine and Vehicle Technique

基　　金：天津市杰出青年基金资助项目(20JCJQJC00160);国家自然科学基金资助项目(52176125)。

摘　　要：润滑油对发动机的强化程度、缸内燃烧压力、发动机经济性和排放性能有显著影响。随着排放标准的日益严格和发动机技术的不断发展,柴油机爆发压力不断提高,有必要重新认识润滑油对柴油机经济性和排放性能的影响。在一台满足国六排放标准的重型柴油机上进行了外特性和负荷特性试验,研究了15W-40和5W-30两种黏度等级的润滑油与冷却水温度对发动机性能的影响。结果表明:对于外特性试验,使用小黏度的5W-30润滑油,燃油消耗率比使用大黏度的15W-40润滑油最多高1.76%;使用两种润滑油的最大功率相同,最大转矩、最高爆发压力有微小差异。对于负荷特性试验,发动机在低转速下,使用5W-30润滑油的燃油消耗率比使用15W-40润滑油低,最多低1.14%;在中等转速下,中高负荷时,与使用15W-40润滑油相比,使用5W-30润滑油的燃油消耗率有时略高,有时略低,存在一定的波动性;在高转速下,使用5W-30润滑油的燃油消耗率比使用15W-40润滑油低,最多低0.36%。在全工况范围内,使用15W-40润滑油的THC排放均低于使用5W-30润滑油;中高负荷时,随着转速的升高,使用15W-40润滑油的THC排放比使用5W-30润滑油低更多。总体上,两种润滑油对碳烟排放的影响差异较小。两种润滑油对NO_(x)和CO排放基本没有影响。在低冷却水温度下,使用两种润滑油的节油效果差异很小;随着冷却水温度的升高,使用5W-30润滑油的节油效果更明显。Lubricating oil has significant effects on engine strengthening degree,in-cylinder combustion pressure,engine economy and emission performance.With the increasingly strict emission standards and the continuous development of engine technology,diesel engine explosion pressure is constantly increasing,it is necessary to re-understand the impact of lubricating oil on the economy and emission performance of diesel engine.The effects of 15W-40 and 5W-30 lubricating oil and cooling water temperature on the performance of a heavy-duty diesel engine were studied.The results show that the fuel consumption of 5W-30 lubricating oil with small viscosity is 1.76%higher than that of 15W-40 lubricating oil with large viscosity.The maximum power of the two lubricating oils is the same,and the maximum torque and the maximum explosion pressure are slightly different.For the load characteristic test,the fuel con-sumption rate of the engine using 5W-30 lubricating oil is lower than that using 15W-40 lubricating oil at low speed,up to 1.14%lower;At medium speed and high load,compared with 15W-40 lubricating oil,the fuel consumption rate of 5W-30 lubricating oil is sometimes slightly higher,sometimes slightly lower,and there is a certain volatility;At high speeds,the fuel consumption of 5W-30 lubricating oil is lower than that of 15W-40 lubricating oil,up to 0.36%lower.In the whole operating range,the THC emission of 15W-40 lubricating oil is lower than that of 5W-30 lubricating oil.At medium and high load,with the increase of speed,the THC emission of 15W-40 lubricating oil is lower than that of 5W-30 lubricating oil.In general,the effects of the two lubricants on soot emission were small.The two lubricants have basically no effect on NO_(x) and CO emission.At low cooling water temperature,the difference of oil saving effect between the two lubricants is small;With the increase of cooling water temperature,the fuel saving effect of using 5W-30 lubricating oil is more obvious.

关 键 词：重型柴油机 润滑油 冷却水温度 经济性 排放性能 

分 类 号：TK428.9[动力工程及工程热物理—动力机械及工程]