文化生态视角下清代以来围场地名景观演变  

Evolution of Weichang placename landscape since Qing Dynasty from the perspective of cultural ecology

作　　者：杨冉冉[1] 高梦洋 王洪波 骆文 YANG Ranran;GAO Mengyang;WANG Hongbo;LUO Wen(Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012;History Institute,the Beijing Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100101;Beijing Tsinghua Tongheng Urban Planning and Design Institute,Beijing 100085,China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院生态文明理论研究中心,北京100012 [2]北京市社会科学院,北京100101 [3]北京清华同衡规划设计研究院,北京100085

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2023年第8期169-177,共9页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(41871196);北京市社会科学基金青年学术带头人项目(21DTR049)资助。

摘　　要：以围场地区清代以来地名演变为研究对象,通过收集历史文献与现代地名资料,运用文化生态学视角分析了围场地名景观演变过程与影响因素。研究表明:围场早期蒙古语地名体系,含义多体现“万灵萃集,上塞神皋”的良好生态,是游牧为主生产方式的反映。建围时,清王朝为弘扬骑射本领与朴实风气,凸显“满蒙一家”政治理念,充分继承原有蒙语地名,形成七十二围地名体系。清末全面放垦后,围场生产方式由游牧转为农耕,在原有地名基础上形成了农耕色彩鲜明的聚落命名特征,体现了政府、流民、商号及地主等多方力量在围场放垦中的共同参与。这一过程中,政策主导下生产方式的转变,对围场地名景观演变起了决定性的作用。围场地名景观不仅是区域深厚历史文化底蕴的印证、生态环境变迁的标志,也反映了蒙古族、满族、汉族等多民族交流融合的过程,具有鲜明的多元文化色彩与地域特征。随着时代变迁、人口迁移及行政体制调整,不少地名消失,成为当地文化资源的损失。在历史文化日益受重视的当下,应注重处理好地名文化保护与社会发展关系,彰显围场深厚历史底蕴与鲜明地域特色。This paper analyzes the evolution of place names in Weichang area since Qing Dynasty by using the perspective of cultural ecology by collecting historical documents and modern place name data.The research shows that the place name before the construction of the paddocks mostly reflects the good ecology,as recorded in ancient books"The habitat of countless wild animals,the gathering place of gods",which reflects the nomadic production mode.During the construction of the paddock,in order to carry forward the ability of riding and shooting and the simple atmosphere,the Qing Dynasty highlighted the political concept of"Manchu and Mongolian are like a family",fully inherited the original Mongolian place names,and formed the place name system of the seventy-two Paddocks.In the late Qing Dynasty,paddocks were fully reclaimed.In 1912,Weichang County was established.The mode of production was changed from nomadic to farming.On the basis of the original place names,the naming characteristics of the settlement with distinctive farming colors were formed,which reflected the joint participation of the government,refugees,trade names and landlords in the reclamation.In this process,the change of production mode under the guidance of policy played a decisive role in the evolution of the landscape of the paddock place names.The landscape of geographical names in the surrounding area is not only the confirmation of the profound historical and cultural heritage of the region and the symbol of the change of the ecological environment,but also reflects the process of exchange and integration of Mongolian,Manchu,Han and other ethnic groups,with distinct multicultural color and regional characteristics.With the changes of the times,the migration of the population and the adjustment of the administrative system,many place names have disappeared and become the loss of local cultural resources.At the moment when historical culture is increasingly valued,we should pay attention to the relationship between the protection of place name cult

关 键 词：文化生态 围场 地名景观 演变 

分 类 号：K901.6[历史地理—人文地理学]