铜/钢异种金属焊接技术研究现状  

Research status of copper/steel dissimilar metal welding

作　　者：杜正勇 李宇轩[2,3] 刘煜纯 周利 赵洪运[2,3] 宋晓国 Du Zhengyong;Li Yuxuan;Liu Yuchun;Zhou Li;Zhao Hongyun;Song Xiaoguo(Capital Aerospace Machinery Corporation,Beijing 100076,China;Harbin Institute of Technology,State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining,Harbin 150001,China;Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Special Welding Technology,Weihai 264209,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]首都航天机械公司,北京100076 [2]哈尔滨工业大学,先进焊接与连接国家重点实验室,哈尔滨150001 [3]哈尔滨工业大学(威海),山东省特种焊接技术重点实验室,山东威海264209

出　　处：《焊接》2023年第9期1-23,共23页Welding & Joining

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(51974100);山东省自然科学基金面上项目(ZR201911140194);泰山学者青年专家项目(tsqn201812128)。

摘　　要：重点介绍了国内外针对铜/钢异种金属连接的几种常用焊接方式,从不同焊接方法的特点入手,对其接头的成形机理、微观组织与力学性能进行了分析,并系统地总结了不同焊接方法的现存问题与解决办法。对于熔化焊,得到更为均匀的熔池以控制偏析是得到可靠接头的方式;传统电弧焊可通过控制填充材料以实现,而高能束焊可利用其控制精密的优势,利用束流偏析或周期运动以获得组织更为均匀的接头,是更可靠的熔化焊方法。对于钎焊及熔钎焊,选用合适的钎料则是实现可靠连接的关键,但其接头力学性能普遍较差,不适合应用于承载结构。而固相焊不涉及材料的熔化,相比于熔化焊,其接头具有更细小且均匀的微观组织,是具有巨大潜力的焊接方式。调控其界面反应层的形成是进一步提高接头强度的可行方式。在此基础上,进一步对未来铜/钢焊接的发展方向提出了展望,提出了关于上述焊接方法在未来可行的研究方向。Several common welding methods for joining of copper-steel dissimilar metals at home and abroad were introduced emphatically.Based on characteristics of different welding methods,forming mechanism,microstructure and mechanical properties of welded joints were analyzed,and the existing problems and solutions of different welding methods were summarized systematically.For fusion welding,getting a more uniform melt pool to control segregation was the way to get a reliable joint.Traditional arc welding could be achieved by controlling filler material,while high-energy beam welding could take advantage of its precise control and use beam segregation or cyclic motion to get a more uniformly organized joint,which was a more reliable fusion welding method.For brazing and welding-brazing,selecting a suitable brazing material was the key to achieve a reliable connection,but mechanical properties of welded joints were generally poor and not suitable for application in load-bearing structures.In contrast to fusion welding,solid-phase welding did not involve melting of material and had a much finer and more uniform microstructure,making it a welding method with great potential.Regulating the formation of its interfacial reaction layer was a feasible way to further improve strength of welded joints.On this basis,prospect of future development direction of copper/steel dissimilar metal welding was put forward,and possible directions for future research on the above mentioned welding methods were presented.

关 键 词：铜/钢异种金属 焊接 成形机理 微观组织 力学性能 

分 类 号：TG457[金属学及工艺—焊接]