天津市设施蔬菜土壤质量调查研究  

Investigation of soil quality of greenhouse vegetables in Tianjin

作　　者：张慧 李梦琦 程文娟[2] 张余良[1] 赵会薇 赵杰[1] 王立艳 肖辉 ZHANG Hui;LI Meng-qi;CHENG Wen-juan;ZHANG Yu-liang;ZHAO Hui-wei;ZHAO Jie;WANG Li-yan;XIAO Hui(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Tianjin 300384;Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Tianjin 300384;The Semi-arid Agriculture Science and Technology Research Center of China,Shijiazhuang Hebei 050051)

机构地区：[1]天津市农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,天津300384 [2]天津市农业科学院,天津300384 [3]国家半干旱农业工程技术研究中心,河北石家庄050051

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2023年第6期41-49,共9页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：河北省创新能力提升计划项目(19244010D);天津市农业科学院青年科技创新项目(2021008);天津市创新平台专项(19PTZWHZ00040);天津市技术创新引导专项(21YDTPJC00920)。

摘　　要：调查了天津市10个涉农区的设施蔬菜土壤(0~20 cm),分析了碱解氮(AN)、有效磷(AP)、速效钾(AK)、有机质(SOM)、全盐(Salt)、pH 6种土壤化学性质及Cd、Pb、As、Hg、Cr、Cu、Zn、Ni 8种土壤重金属指标。研究发现AK、SOM、pH具有很强的地域性,区间差异显著;10个区的平均SOM为35.11 g/kg;平均Salt含量为2.55‰;10个区的土壤偏碱性,土壤平均pH为7.91;土壤主要污染物为Cd,其余7种重金属均在风险筛选值范围内。Pearson分析发现,设施蔬菜土壤中Salt与土壤中的AN、AP、AK、SOM含量呈正相关,表明过量施肥导致土壤盐渍化;土壤pH与AN、AP含量呈负相关关系,说明施用氮、磷肥可以酸化土壤。种植年限与14个指标的相关分析表明,高强度水肥投入与种植制度在一定程度上起到了减轻土壤盐碱盐渍化程度、降低土壤pH的作用,但是要注意土壤中重金属的积累。The investigation was conducted on soil nutrients and heavy metals contents in 0-20 cm soil of greenhouse vegetables from ten districts in Tianjin.The indexes of six soil chemical properties were hydrolyzed nitrogen(AN),available phosphorus(AP),available potassium(AK),organic matter(SOM),total salt(Salt)content and pH.The eight soil heavy metals were Cd,Pb,As,Hg,Cr,Cu,Zn and Ni.There were significant differences in AK,SOM and pH among districts.The average SOM of the ten districts in Tianjin was 35.11 g/kg.The average Salt content was 2.55‰.The soil in ten regions was alkaline,with an average pH of 7.91.The main heavy mental pollution was Cd in Tianjin,and the other seven heavy metals were under control.Pearson correlation analysis showed that Salt content in greenhouse vegetable soil was positively correlated with AN,AP,AK and SOM contents,indicating that the excessive application of fertilizer increased soil salinization.Soil pH was negatively correlated with AN and AP contents,indicating that increasing fertilization could reduce soil pH.The correlation analysis between planting years and fourteen indexes showed that local water and fertilizer investment and planting method could reduce soil salinity and pH,meanwhile the attention should be paid to the accumulation of soil heavy metals.

关 键 词：土壤调查 土壤养分 土壤肥力 土壤重金属 天津 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学] S626[农业科学—农业基础科学]