不同施氮量下玉米花生间作不同玉米行对土地当量比和产量贡献的研究  

Contribution of different maize rows to land equivalent ratio and yield of maize and peanut intercropping under different N application rates

作　　者：赵凤艳 张勇勇 冯晨[1] 白伟[1] 郑家明[1] 蔡倩[1] 张哲[1] 杨宁[1] 向午燕 孙占祥[1] 冯良山[1] ZHAO Feng-yan;ZHANG Yong-yong;FENG Chen;BAI Wei;ZHENG Jia-ming;CAI Qian;ZHANG Zhe;YANG Ning;XIANG Wu-yan;SUN Zhan-xiang;FENG Liang-shan(Institute of Crop Cultivation and Farming System,Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenyang Liaoning 110161;College of Land and Environment,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang Liaoning 110866)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所,辽宁沈阳110161 [2]沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,辽宁沈阳110866

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2023年第6期129-137,共9页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31901124,32071551);中国博士后科学基金(2020M670788);辽宁省博士启动(2019-BS-136);辽宁省农业科学院院长基金(2020MS0502);辽宁省“兴辽英才计划”项目(XLYC1908013,3205304)。

摘　　要：评价不同施氮量下玉米花生间作系统中作物种间互作对不同行玉米生长发育、干物质积累、产量及其构成因素的影响。于2019—2020年,利用长期定位微区试验,设置3个施氮量(N0:0 kg·hm^(-2)、N150:150 kg·hm^(-2)、N300:300 kg·hm^(-2))处理和2种种植模式(玉米花生间作:IM、玉米单作:SM),以玉米为研究对象,分析间作系统中不同行玉米竞争优势、土地当量比、干物质积累及产量对施氮量的响应。在间作系统中玉米的竞争能力显著强于花生,但毗邻花生带的玉米行(IM1)与远离行(IM2)间无显著差异。玉米花生间作土地当量比大于1,土地生产力提高15%~23%,具有间作优势;而随着施氮量增加,玉米竞争能力增强。间作显著增加了玉米产量,IM1产量较SM处理增幅为37.8%~65.3%,IM2较SM处理增幅26.4%~56.1%,2019年氮肥施用量为150 kg·hm^(-2)时玉米土地当量比表现出边行效应。玉米产量变化趋势为N150>N300>N0。施氮可增加玉米穗粒数和千粒重。间作通过影响成穗数和穗粒数来影响产量,而氮肥通过影响穗粒数来影响产量。间作玉米氮肥农学效率比单作玉米提高92.4%;N300的玉米氮肥农学效率比N150低60.4%。在玉米花生间作系统中,适宜施氮量(150 kg·hm^(-2))下间作可显著促进玉米生长发育、干物质积累,提高玉米产量和氮肥农学效率,表现出产量边行效应,但并没有表现出氮肥利用边行效应。The effects of interspecific interaction on growth and development,dry matter accumulation,yield and yield composition of maize in different rows in a maize and peanut intercropping system with different nitrogen application rates were evaluated.In 2019-2020,based on a long-term micro-area experiment and using maize as the research crop,three nitrogen application rates(N0:0 kg·hm^(-2),N150:150 kg·hm^(-2),N300:300 kg·hm^(-2))and two planting patterns(IM:maize and peanut intercropping;SM:maize monocropping)were set up,the responses of competitive advantage,land equivalent ratio,dry matter accumulation and yield of maize in different rows to nitrogen applications in intercropping system were analyzed.In the intercropping system,the competitive ability of maize was significantly stronger than that of peanuts,but there was no difference between the maize row adjacent to the peanut belt(IM1)and the distant row(IM2).Maize-peanut intercropping had an intercropping advantage with land equivalent ratio greater than 1 and 15%-23%increase in land productivity;while maize competitiveness increased with increased nitrogen application.Intercropping significantly increased maize yield by 37.8%-65.3%in IM1 over SM and 26.4%-56.1%in IM2.In 2019,150 kg·hm^(-2)nitrogen fertilizer showed a land equivalent ratio border row effect.The trend of maize yield was N150>N300>N0.Nitrogen application increased maize ears grain number and thousand grain weight.Intercropping affected yield by affecting number of ears and number of grains,while nitrogen fertilization affected yield by affecting number of grains.Nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency of intercropped maize was 92.4%higher than that of monocropped maize;nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency of N300 was 60.4%lower than that of N150.In the maize-peanut intercropping system,appropriate nitrogen application rate(150 kg·hm^(-2))significantly promoted maize growth,dry matter accumulation,and improved maize yield and showed a yield border row effect,but not a nitrogen fertilizer

关 键 词：间作 氮肥 种间竞争 土地当量比 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S565.2S143