生物炭对大豆根际土壤酶活性及产量的影响  

Effects of biochar on enzyme activity and yield of soybean in rhizosphere soil

作　　者：王文慧 蒋志慧 张纪 张有利[1] 郭永霞[1] 邓杰[1] 靳亚忠[1] 李春霞 WANG Wen-hui;JIANG Zhi-hui;ZHANG Ji;ZHANG You-li;GUO Yong-xia;DENG Jie;JIN Ya-zhong;LI Chun-xia(Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,College of Agriculture,National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center,Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Interaction Biology and Ecological Control,Daqing Heilongjiang 163319)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院,国家杂粮工程技术研究中心,黑龙江省作物有害生物互作生物学及生态防控重点实验室,黑龙江大庆163319

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2023年第6期147-153,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：黑龙江省应用技术研究与开发计划专项(GA19B104);黑龙江省农垦总局重点科研计划项目(HKKYZD190204)。

摘　　要：研究不同生物炭施用量对大豆增产与根际土壤酶活性的影响,为大豆增产提供合理的生物炭施用量。以当地常规施肥为对照(CK),设置生物炭处理27 kg·hm^(-2)(B1)、54 kg·hm^(-2)(B2)、81 kg·hm^(-2)(B3)、108 kg·hm^(-2)(B4),生物炭与常规肥混匀沟施。结果表明:B3处理可以显著提高大豆根际土壤脲酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性以及土壤酸性磷酸酶活性;土壤β-葡萄糖苷酶活性则表现为在大豆营养生长期间B1处理酶活性最高,在生殖生长阶段B4处理酶活性最高;生物炭对土壤蔗糖酶活性的影响不显著。B3处理显著增加了大豆株高、单株荚数、有效荚数、单株粒重、百粒重及产量,各因素分别较CK增加了13.13%、32.11%、45.73%、17.41%、7.80%及7.35%。生物炭可以提高土壤酶活性、改善土壤微环境,与化肥配施可以显著增加大豆株高、有效荚数和百粒重,进而促进农作物增产增收。The effects of different biochar application rates on soybean yield and the enzyme activity of rhizosphere soil were studied to provide reasonable biochar application rates for increasing soybean yield.Taking the local conventional fertilization as the control(CK),the biochar treatments were 27 kg·hm^(-2)(B1),54 kg·hm^(-2)(B2),81 kg·hm^(-2)(B3)and 108 kg·hm^(-2)(B4),respectively,and the biochar and conventional fertilizer were evenly mixed for furrow application.The results showed that B3 treatment significantly improved the activities of urease,catalase and acid phosphatase in soybean rhizosphere soil.The soilβ-glucosidase activity was the highest in B1 treatment during soybean vegetative growth and the highest in B4 treatment during reproductive growth.Biochar had no significant effect on soil sucrase activity.B3 treatment significantly increased the plant height,pod number per plant,effective pod number,grain weight per plant,100 grain weight and yield of soybean,and each factor increased by 13.13%,32.11%,45.73%,17.41%,7.80%and 7.35%,respectively,compared with the control.Biochar can improve soil enzyme activity and soil microenvironment.Combined with chemical fertilizer,biochar can significantly increase soybean plant height,effective pod number and 100 grain weight,so as to promote crop yield and income.

关 键 词：大豆 生物炭 根际土 土壤酶 产量 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学] S154.2