我国主要粮食作物施用锌肥增产效果的整合分析  

Effects of application of zinc on the yield increase of main grain crops in China by Meta-analysis

作　　者：朱盼盼 石磊[1] ZHU Pan-pan;SHI Lei(Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation(Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Microelements Research Centre,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan Hubei 430070)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室/华中农业大学微量元素研究中心,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2023年第6期213-218,共6页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划重点专项(2023YFD1700204)。

摘　　要：锌是作物必需的营养元素,但我国主要粮食作物施锌的增产效果及其影响因素并不清楚。通过收集87篇文献,基于Meta分析研究了小麦、玉米和水稻等锌肥施用的增产效果及其关键影响因素。结果表明:小麦、玉米和水稻施用锌肥平均增产9.9%,其中水稻和玉米的增产率相似且均显著高于小麦。三类粮食作物锌肥土施增产率为8.2%,增产效果好于喷施,但相同施锌量条件下喷施的增产效果较好。水稻、玉米和小麦锌肥的合适用量范围分别为21~30、21~30和11~20 kg/hm^(2),锌肥的增产效果为华中地区水稻和小麦好于玉米,东北地区玉米好于水稻和小麦。此外,水稻、玉米和小麦锌肥增产幅度随着年代发生变化,2011年之后呈逐渐增高的趋势。综上所述,施用锌肥能有效提高粮食作物的产量,但是其增产效果受作物种类、施用方式、施用量、施用时期等因素的影响。因此,锌肥的施用要考虑多种因素条件,应选择合理的施用方式和施用量来提高锌肥的增产效果。Zinc is an essential micronutrient for crops growth.However,the effect of zinc fertilizer application on cereal crops grain yield and the influencing factors are not summarized.By collecting 87 literatures to study the effect of zinc fertilizer application on the grain yields of wheat,maize and rice,as well as the key influencing factors by Meta-analysis.The results showed that the average grain yield of wheat,maize and rice increased by 9.9%by zinc fertilizer application.The rates of grain yield increase of rice and maize were similar,and were significantly higher than that of wheat.The average rate of grain yield increase of soil application of zinc was 8.2%,which was higher than that of spraying of zinc fertilizer,but the effect of spraying of zinc fertilizer was better than that of soil application of zinc fertilizer when the zinc application rate were the same.The optimum application rates of zinc fertilizer for rice,maize and wheat were 21-30,21-30 and 11-20 kg/hm^(2),respectively.In central China,the effect of zinc fertilizer on the increase of grain yield in rice and wheat was better than that in corn;and in northeast China,the effect of zinc fertilizer on the increase of grain yield in corn was better than that in rice and wheat.In addition,the increase of zinc fertilizer in rice,maize and wheat varied with age,and showed a trend of increasing after 2011.In conclusion,the application of zinc fertilizer can effectively improve the grain yield of cereal crops,but the rate of increase was affected by crop varieties,application methods,application rate,application time and other factors.Therefore,a variety of factors should be considered,and a reasonable application method and dosage should be determined before the application of zinc fertilizer to improve the effect of zinc fertilizer on grain yield of cereal crops.

关 键 词：粮食作物 锌肥 施用方式 施用量 增产率 Meta分析 

分 类 号：S143[农业科学—肥料学]