木霉复合菌剂与拮抗性腐熟堆肥对水稻生长及稻瘟病的防控研究  

Study on rice growth and biocontrol of rice blast by Trichoderma-containing microbial complex inoculants and compost with antagonistic effects

作　　者：李婷 任萍[2,3] 马锐 顾鹏程 张震 顾金刚[2,3] LI Ting;REN Ping;MA Rui;GU Peng-cheng;ZHANG Zhen;GU Jin-gang(College of Resources and Environment,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei Anhui 230036;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081;Key Laboratory of Collection and Preservation of Agricultural Microbial Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学资源与环境学院,安徽合肥230036 [2]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081 [3]农业农村部农业微生物资源收集与保藏重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2023年第6期219-224,共6页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：上海市崇明区农业科创项目(2020CNKC-01-09)。

摘　　要：稻瘟病是水稻三大病害之一,在水稻整个生长发育期间都有发生。研究了2种木霉复合菌剂(堆肥腐熟菌剂和水稻拮抗菌剂)与2种有机肥(普通有机肥和拮抗有机肥)对稻瘟病原茵的抑制作用、水稻生长的影响以及对叶瘟病和穗瘟病的防治作用。结果表明,添加木霉腐熟复合菌剂堆肥制备而成的有机肥即拮抗有机肥,拮抗堆肥60 d的0.2%无菌浸提液对稻瘟病病原菌ACCC 37361具有显著抑制作用,平板抑菌率为9.92%,显著高于普通有机肥(1.19%,P<0.05)。水稻品种“沪早香软1号”移栽第2、4、6周时,拮抗有机肥和拮抗生物有机肥处理的水稻株高显著高于普通有机肥处理,拮抗生物有机肥比普通有机肥处理的株高平均分别高出6.99、5.62和6.80 cm。上海崇明岛北湖农场的田间试验结果表明,与普通有机肥相比,拮抗有机肥和水稻拮抗菌剂共同施用显著增加成熟期间的水稻株数,并提高水稻产量(P<0.05);拮抗有机肥加施2次水稻拮抗菌剂处理对稻瘟病防治效果最好,扬花授粉期的叶瘟病相对防效为42.09%,灌浆期和成熟期的穗瘟病相对防效分别为65.76%和61.80%。研究表明拮抗有机肥与水稻拮抗菌剂同时施用,具有较好的促生抑菌效果,可广泛应用于绿色水稻的生产。Rice blast is one of the three major diseases of rice,which occurs throughout the growth and development of rice.This study investigated on the pathogen of rice blast,the growth of rice and the control of leaf blast and ear blast by two Trichoderma-containing microbial complex inoculants(composting rotten bacteria and rice antagonists)and two organic fertilizers(common organic fertilizer and antagonistic organic fertilizer).The results showed that the organic fertilizer added with trichoderma composting and ripening agent,that is,antagonistic organic fertilizer,had significant inhibitory effect on the blast pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae ACCC37361.It showed an inhibition rate of 9.92%at the concentration of 0.2%when composted for 60 days,which was significantly higher than that of the common organic manure extracts(1.19%,P<0.05).When the rice variety of“Huzaoxiangruan No.1”was transplanted for 2,4,6 weeks,the plant heights of rice treated with antagonistic organic fertilizer and antagonistic biological organic fertilizer were significantly higher than that of common organic fertilizer,and the plant height of antagonistic biological organic fertilizer was 6.99,5.62 and 6.80 cm higher than that of common organic fertilizer,respectively.The field experiment results of Beihu farm in Chongming island,Shanghai showed that,the number of rice plants and yield with antagonistic organic fertilizer and rice antagonistic agent treatments were higher than that of the common organic fertilizer(P<0.05).Antagonistic organic fertilizer combined with two applications of rice antagonistic agent showed the best control effect on leaf blast and ear blast in fields,the relative control effect of leaf blast at flowering and pollination stage was 42.09%,and the relative control effect of ear blast at grain filling stage and mature stage was 65.76%and 61.80%,respectively.The results reveal the growth-promoting and blast control effect of Trichoderma-containing compost,which can be widely used for production of the green rice.

关 键 词：水稻 稻瘟病 木霉 拮抗堆肥 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S435.111.41