行动者网络理论的马克思主义批判与超越  

The Criticism and Transcendence of Actor-Network Theory from the Marxist Perspective

作　　者：肖雷波[1] 王秀 XIAO Leibo;WANG Xiu(The Base of Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Xi Jinping Research Center for Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for the New Era,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210044,China;School of Marxism,Southeast University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 211189,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究中心南京信息工程大学基地,江苏南京210044 [2]东南大学马克思主义学院,江苏南京211189

出　　处：《山东科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第4期20-28,共9页Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology(Social Sciences)

基　　金：江苏省社会科学基金哲学重点项目(19ZXA001)。

摘　　要：行动者网络理论(ANT)作为STS领域中使用最为广泛的方法论之一,已成为西方马克思主义地理学派、关系马克思主义学派、马克思主义政治生态学派发展的有益思想养分。但其局限性也引起了马克思主义者的四方面批判:在本体论层面上对其非人类行动者的能动性批判;在认识论层面上对其非还原论的批判;在方法论层面上对其拒绝社会结构分析的批判;在价值论维度上对其本体论政治目标的批判。基于这些批判,可从历史唯物主义、马克思主义政治经济学与自然辩证法三个层面,对ANT的反历史唯物主义、去政治经济学分析和激进经验主义立场所陷入的困境实现三重超越,这为中国马克思主义STS的未来发展提供了有益启示。As one of the most widely used methodologies in the field of STS,Actor-Network Theory(ANT)has become a useful ideological nutrient for the development of Western Marxist schools of geography,relational Marxism,and political ecology.But its limitations have also given rise to four major criticisms of Marxists:a critique of the agency of its non-human actors at the ontological level;a critique of its non-reductionism on an epistemological level;a methodological critique of its rejection of social structure analysis;A critique of its ontological political goals in the axiological dimension.Based on these critiques,from the perspectives of historical materialism,Marxist political economy and natural dialectic,ANT′s anti-historical materialism,de-political economy analysis and radical empiricist position can be tripped over,which provides useful enlightenment for the future development of Chinese Marxist STS.

关 键 词：行动者网络理论 历史唯物主义 马克思主义政治经济学 自然辩证法 

分 类 号：G206[文化科学—传播学]