超高速永磁电机转子机械强度的实验研究  

Experimental study on mechanical strength of ultra-high-speed permanent magnet motor rotor

作　　者：崔存龙 杜光辉 蒲涛 高文韬 李牛妹 CUI Cunlong;DU Guanghui;PU Tao;GAO Wentao;LI Niumei(School of Electrical and Control Engineering,Xi an University of Science and Technology,Xi an 710600,China)

机构地区：[1]西安科技大学电气与控制工程学院,陕西西安710600

出　　处：《机电工程》2023年第9期1449-1455,共7页Journal of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52177056)。

摘　　要：在超高速永磁电机运行时,电机中的永磁体会因难以承受巨大的离心力而破损。为了解决这一问题,基于1台超高速永磁电机,对电机转子的机械强度进行了仿真分析和实验研究。首先,基于1台超高速永磁电机,对其进行了应力有限元仿真,分析了护套厚度、过盈量、温度、旋转速度对转子应力的影响程度及其灵敏性;然后,基于上述分析结果获得了高机械强度转子的设计方案,并对不同运行工况下的超高速电机转子的应力进行了校核;最后,加工出了1台额定功率为7 kW、额定转速为150000 r/min的超高速永磁电机,并对其进行了机械强度运行实验和空载特性测试。实验测试结果表明:永磁体应力在不同工况下均表现为压应力,其最大值为109 MPa,安全系数大于6,尚有较高的裕量;而护套应力的最大值为967 MPa,安全系数大于2,说明与永磁体相比,护套更易达到极限机械强度;同时,样机测试的空载反电势为362 V,与计算值的吻合度在98%以上,且该转子在超速运行数小时后,未见任何损坏。研究结果表明:所设计的电机转子具有高可靠性,可以满足电机超高速运行的需要。When the ultra-high-speed permanent magnet motor is running,the permanent magnet in the motor will be damaged because of the huge unbearable centrifugal force.In order to solve this problem,based on an ultra-high-speed permanent magnet motor,the mechanical strength of motor rotor was simulated and studied experimentally.Firstly,based on an ultra-high-speed permanent magnet motor,the stress finite element simulation was carried out,and the influence degree and sensitivity of sheath thickness,interference,temperature and rotation speed on rotor stress were analyzed.Then,a high-mechanical strength rotor design scheme of the ultra-high-speed permanent magnet motor was obtained based on the above analysis results,and the rotor stress under different operating conditions was checked.Finally,an ultra-high-speed permanent magnetic motor with a rated power of 7 kW and a rated speed of 150000 r/min was produced,and mechanical strength experiment and no-load characteristics test were performed to verify the theoretical analysis.The experimental results indicate that the stress of permanent magnet is compressive stress under different operating conditions,its maximum value is 109 MPa,and the safety factor is greater than 6,indicating that the permanent magnet stress still has a large margin.The maximum stress of the sleeve is 967 MPa,and the safety factor is greater than 2,indicating that comparing with permanent magnets,the sleeve is easier to reach the ultimate mechanical strength.At the same time,the no-load back electromotive force of the prototype under rated operating is 362 V,the consistency with the calculated value is above 98%,and after a few hours of operating,the rotor structure is not damaged.The results indicate that the designed rotor has high reliability and can meet the needs of ultra-high-speed operation.

关 键 词：超高速永磁电机 转子机械强度 灵敏度 应力分析 护套厚度 旋转速度 

分 类 号：TH114[机械工程—机械设计及理论] TM351[电气工程—电机]