油橄榄杂交F_(1)代表型遗传变异及童期选择研究  

Genetic variation and selection of the representative in F_(1)genotype of olive hybrid

作　　者：张荣 冯丽 武蕾 戚建莉 姜成英 吴文俊 赵梦炯 金高明 陈炜青 ZHANG Rong;FENG Li;WU Lei;QI Jianli;JIANG Chengying;WU Wenjun;ZHAO Mengjiong;JIN Gaoming;CHEN Weiqing(Forestry Research Institute of Gansu,Olive Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Lanzhou 730030,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省林业科学研究院,国家林业和草原局油橄榄工程技术研究中心,甘肃兰州730030

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2023年第4期226-236,共11页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：甘肃省林草局自列项目“油橄榄F1代优良单株早期选择”(2021kj044);油橄榄良种繁育及丰产栽培技术科技特派员基地(21CX6NA041)。

摘　　要：【目的】从油橄榄杂交实生苗中筛选出生长势较强的单株,为选育短童期品种提供科学依据。【方法】以甘肃陇南地区主栽品种莱星和鄂植8号分别作为父母本进行杂交选育,测定杂交后代生长性状指标,通过表型变异分析、相关性分析、聚类分析和主成分分析综合评选生长势良好单株。【结果】相比于正交组合,莱星×鄂植8号反交组合实生苗生长指标的最大值、最小值、极差、平均值、标准差和变异系数更大,鄂植8号作为母本时,更容易将生长势强的性状遗传给后代。株高、基径、叶间距3个生长指标在正反交后代间存在显著差异,且变异系数大于20%,后期具有较高的选择潜力;实生苗株高、基径、叶间距、叶片长度、叶片宽度之间均存在极显著的正相关性;在欧氏距离10处,两个组合的实生苗按生长势强弱均聚为4类;正反交均提取出2个具有代表性的主成分,累计方差贡献率分别达到89.04%和86.39%,结合两种筛选方法,鄂植8号×莱星杂交F_(1)代中生长势良好的单株共24株,入选率为33%。莱星×鄂植8号F_(1)代中生长势良好的单株共16株,入选率为27%。【结论】在油橄榄杂交育种中,杂交组合顺序是童期选择的关键环节,选择合适的杂交顺序有利于提高童期预选的效率,莱星和鄂植8号这两个品种中,鄂植8号做母本,实生苗整体生长势更好。株高、基径,叶间距、叶长、叶宽、叶形指数均可作为童期生长势选择指标。筛选出的生长势较强单株,明显提高了整体样本的平均值,可优先作为筛选短童期育种材料的群体。【Objective】To screen out individual plants with high growth vigor from hybrid olive seed⁃lings and to provide a scientific basis for breeding short-growing varieties.【Method】The main varieties Ezhi-8 and Leccino were used as parents for cross breeding in the Longnan area of Gansu Province,the phe⁃notypic indexes of the F_(1)generation were measured and analyzed,the individuals with good growth vigor were comprehensively selected by phenotypic variation analysis,correlation analysis,cluster analysis and principal component analysis.【Result】Compared with the orthogonal combination,the maximum,mini⁃mum,range,mean,standard deviation and coefficient of variation of the phenotypic indexes in Leccino×Ezhi-8 reciprocal cross combinations were higher;when Ezhi-8 is used as the maternal parent,it is easier to pass on the strong growth potential to the offspring.There were significant differences in plant height,basal diameter and leaf spacing between the reciprocal crosses,and the coefficient of variation was more than 20%,which had high selection potential at the later stage.There were significant positive correlations be⁃tween seedling height,basal diameter,leaf spacing,leaf length and leaf width.With a Euclidean distance of 10,the seedlings of the two combinations are grouped into four categories according to their growing strength.Through principal component analysis,two representative principal components were extracted from the two hybrid combinations,and the cumulative variance contribution rate reached 89.04%and 86.39%,respectively.Combining two screening methods,there were 24 individual plants with good growth in the hybrid F_(1)generation of Ezhi-8×Leccino,and the selection rate was 33%.In the hybrid F_(1)generation of Leccino×Ezhi-8 there were 16 individual plants with good growth and the selection rate was 27%.【Conclusion】In olive cross breeding,the sequence of cross combinations is a key link in childhood selec⁃tion,and selecting a suitable sequence of combinations is conducive to

关 键 词：油橄榄 杂交育种 童期 优良单株 F_(1)代实生苗 

分 类 号：S565.7[农业科学—作物学]