操作培训渠道和培训效果对残疾人辅助器具适配后使用情况的影响  

Influence of Channels and Effects of Operation Training on Use Status for People with Disabilities After Being Fitted with Assistive Devices

作　　者：张娜 郝晓宁 许金鹏 郑研辉 董理权[3] 刘洁[3] ZHANG Na(China National Health Development Research Center,Beijing,100044,China)

机构地区：[1]国家卫生健康委卫生发展研究中心,北京100044 [2]哈尔滨医科大学卫生管理学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150081 [3]中国残疾人辅助器具中心,北京100050

出　　处：《医学与社会》2023年第9期1-5,共5页Medicine and Society

基　　金：国家重点研发计划重点专项,编号为2018YFC2002600。

摘　　要：目的:探讨辅助器具(以下简称“辅具”)操作培训渠道和培训效果对残疾人辅具适配后使用情况的影响,为改善残疾人辅具使用现状提供依据。方法:采用立意抽样法选取湖北省、陕西省、北京市和上海市的1个主城区和1个郊区或贫困区(县)残疾人辅具服务中心,以在中心配备过辅具的残疾人为调查对象,对残疾人辅具操作培训及辅具使用情况进行描述性统计;采用logistic回归方法探究辅具操作培训渠道和培训效果对残疾人辅具适配后使用情况的影响。结果:1834名调查对象中,82.50%的残疾人正在使用辅具。通过非专业渠道获得辅具操作培训会显著降低残疾人的辅具适配后的使用水平(OR=0.631,P<0.001);培训后掌握辅具使用方法的残疾人使用辅具的可能性是未掌握使用方法的残疾人的7.188倍(P<0.001)。结论:残疾人辅具适配后使用率较高,部分残疾人尽管配备但并未使用辅具,辅具操作培训渠道和培训效果对残疾人辅具适配后的使用情况有显著影响。提供符合残疾人社会人口状况和残疾特征的辅具操作培训,提高残疾人辅具使用方法的掌握程度,有助于提升残疾人辅具使用水平。Objective:To explore the influence of training channels and training effects on the use status of assistive devices for people with disabilities after fitting,so as to provide a basis for improving the current situation of using assistive devices for people with disabilities.Methods:Purposive sampling method was used to select one main urban area and one suburban or poverty-stricken area(county)in Hubei province,Shaanxi province,Beijing city and Shanghai city.The survey targeted the disabled who had been equipped with assistive devices in the center,and conducted descriptive statistics on the training and use of assistive devices for the disabled.Logistic regression method was used to explore the influence of training channels and training effects on the use status of assistive devices by people with disabilities.Results:Among 1834 respondents,82.50%of the disabled used assistive devices.Receiving training in assistive device through nonprofessional channels significantly reduced the level of use after fitment of assistive devices among people with disabilities(OR=0.631,P<0.001).People with disabilities who mastered the use of assistive devices after training were 7.188 times more likely to use them than those who did not(P<0.001).Conclusion:The use rate of assistive devices for people with disabilities after fitting is high,and some people with disabilities do not use assistive devices despite being fitted with them.The training channels and training effects of assistive devices have a significant impact on the use of assistive devices for persons with disabilities after fitting.Providing the operation training on assistive devices that meet the socio-demographic status and disability characteristics of people with disabilities and improving the mastery of the use of assistive devices for people with disabilities are conducive to enhancing the use of assistive devices for people with disabilities.

关 键 词：残疾人 辅助器具 使用情况 操作培训 

分 类 号：R195.4[医药卫生—卫生统计学]