基于水化学与氢氧稳定同位素的平禹矿区沉降区地下水循环变化解析  

An analysis of groundwater circulation in the Pingyu mining area based on hydrochemical and isotopic characteristics of groundwater

作　　者：苏绘梦 张发旺 侯甦予 赵宝印 杨博 王誉龙 左伟[5,6] 卢桂海 李洪刚 SU Huimeng;ZHANG Fawang;HOU Suyu;ZHAO Baoyin;YANG Bo;WANG Yulong;ZUO Wei;LU Guihai;LI Honggang(School of Environmental Studies,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan,Hubei 430074,China;Center for Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology,China Geological Survey,Baoding,Hebei 071051,China;China Nuclear Dadi Exploration and Technical Design Co.Ltd.,Beijing 100013,China;Henan Branch,China South-to-North Water Diversion Middle Route Co.Ltd.,Zhengzhou,Henan 450016,China;The Fifth Geological Survey Institute,Henan Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources,Zhengzhou,Henan 450001,China;Natural Resources Science and Technology Innovation Center of Henan Province(Research on Eco-Environmental Assessment and Restoration Technology),Zhengzhou,Henan 450001,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)环境学院,湖北武汉430074 [2]中国地质调查局水文地质环境地质调查中心,河北保定071051 [3]中核大地勘察设计有限公司,北京100013 [4]中国南水北调集团中线有限公司河南分公司,河南郑州450016 [5]河南省地质矿产勘查开发局第五地质勘查院,河南郑州450001 [6]河南省自然资源科技创新中心(生态环境评价与修复技术研究),河南郑州450001

出　　处：《水文地质工程地质》2023年第5期53-67,共15页Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology

基　　金：南水北调中线干线工程建设管理局地质研究项目(ZXJ/HN/YW/GC-2020037)。

摘　　要：矿区地下水对周边居民生活及煤炭工业建设起到重要的支撑作用,但煤矿开采过程中的矿井排水会改变原有的矿区地下水循环过程,进而改变地下水环境,因此,明晰“地下水、地表水、大气水”间的相互转化关系,是科学利用矿区水资源的关键。本研究通过分析平禹矿区地下水常规水化学及氢氧同位素,识别矿区地下水中主要组分来源及控制性因素,以明晰矿区在大规模矿井排水后的地下水循环特征。结果显示:研究区地下水水化学类型主要为HCO_(3)—Ca·Mg,水化学组分受硅酸盐岩的风化溶解作用控制,地下水中离子主要来源于水-岩相互作用和人类活动所产生的废弃物,存在NO_(3)^(-)超标现象。氢氧同位素分析表明,矿区地下水以大气降水补给为主,孔隙水和岩溶水存在紧密的水力联系;矿井排水后,矿区地下水循环过程发生改变,岩溶水由原先顶托补给上层孔隙水转变为接受上层孔隙水的越流补给,再由矿井排水排放至地表水体当中,矿井排水成为矿区主要地下水排泄方式。研究结果可为矿区地下水开发与管理和地面沉降防治工作提供科学有效的依据。Groundwater in mining areas play an important supporting role in the surrounding residents'living and the construction of coal industries.Mine drainage during coal mining will change the original groundwater circulation process in mining areas,leading to changes in the groundwater environment.Therefore,clarifying the mutual transformation relationship between the“three waters”is the key to the scientific utilization of water resources in mining areas.Chemical components and hydrogen and oxygen isotopes of the groundwater in the Pingyu mining area are combined to determine the characteristics of groundwater circulation after large-scale drainage of the mine,identify the origin and controlling factors of the major components in the groundwater.Hydrohemical analyses show that most of the groundwater are of HCO_(3)—Ca·Mg type,The hydrochemical components are controlled by the weathering and dissolution of silicate,and the ions in the groundwater mainly come from water-rock interactions and the waste generated by human activities,with concentration of NO_(3)^(-) exceeding the standard.The hydrogen and oxygen isotopic data demonstrates that the groundwater in the study area receives recharge from modern precipitation,and there is a close hydraulic relationship between the groundwater in the unconsolidated aquifers and the groundwater in the karst aquifer.After the mine drainage,the groundwater circulation process in the mining area changes,the karst groundwater changes from supporting the upper pore groundwater to accepting the leakage recharge of the upper pore groundwater,and then discharges to the surface water by the mine drainage.The mine drainage becomes the main groundwater drainage way in the mine area.The research results can provide scientific and effective basis for groundwater development management and land subsidence prevention in mining areas.

关 键 词：矿井排水 水化学特征 氢氧同位素 地下水循环 平禹矿区沉降区 

分 类 号：P641.4[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]