基于多目标的海绵设施空间布局优化决策  

Multi-Objective Optimization and Decision Making for Spatial Layout of Sponge Facilities

作　　者：张冬青 丁相毅[1] 王佳[1] 宋天旭 马梦阳 ZHANG Dongqing;DING Xiangyi;WANG Jia;SONG Tianxu;MA Mengyang(China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;College of Hydrology and Water Resources,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038 [2]河海大学,江苏南京210098

出　　处：《人民珠江》2023年第9期7-14,共8页Pearl River

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFC0408603)。

摘　　要：气候变化和城市化加剧了城市洪涝和非点源污染的风险。为了适应气候变化,基于自然的解决方案“海绵城市”正在中国全域化推广。如何规划设计海绵设施使其充分发挥多元化效益成为海绵城市有效建设的关键。研究基于NSGA-Ⅲ算法和SWMM构建了多目标优化耦合模型,采用TOPSIS方法筛选出优化方案,并对优化方案在丰、平、枯等不同水文年型下的水文环境效益及灌溉用水需求进行分析。该方法被应用于山西大学东山校区,研究结果表明:3种优化方案在典型水文年型下均能发挥较好的水文和环境效益,年径流削减率均值为68.3%,SS削减率均值为83.7%;最接近理想解的方案S1灌溉需水量最大,均值约22.8万m^(3),而植被海绵设施占比较大的方案S3雨水利用量最大,均值约14.1万m^(3)。The risk of urban flooding and non-point source pollution intensifies due to climate change and urbanization.Sponge city,a nature-based solution to adapt to climate change,is being promoted in China.How to plan and design sponge facilities to give full play to their diversified benefits becomes the key to effectively constructing a sponge city.In this study,a multi-objective optimization coupling model was constructed based on the NSGA-Ⅲalgorithm and SWMM.TOPSIS method was used to screen out the optimization scheme,and the hydrological benefits,environmental benefits,and irrigation water demand of the optimization scheme under hydrological years with high,normal,and low flows were analyzed.The method was applied to Dongshan Campus of Shanxi University.The results indicate that the three optimal schemes show good hydrological and environmental benefits under typical hydrological years,with an average annual runoff reduction rate of 68.3%and an SS reduction rate of 83.7%.Scheme S1 is the closest to the ideal scheme and has the largest irrigation water demand,which is about 228000 m^(3)per year.Scheme S3 has a large proportion of vegetation sponge facilities and the highest utilization rate of rainwater,with an annual average of 141000 m^(3).

关 键 词：海绵城市 多目标优化 SWMM 灌溉需水量 

分 类 号：TV213[水利工程—水文学及水资源]