太阳能驱动多级海水淡化器件的设计及其集水率探究  

Design of solar-driven multistage desalination device and investigation of water collection rate

作　　者：蒋逸飞 田焰宽 戴俊 王学利[1,3] 李发学 俞建勇[1,3] 高婷婷 JIANG Yifei;TIAN Yankuan;DAI Jun;WANG Xueli;LI Faxue;YU Jianyong;GAO Tingting(College of Textiles,Donghua University,Shanghai 201620,China;Jiangsu Yueda Cotton Spinning Co.,Ltd,Yancheng 224008,China;Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology,Donghua University,Shanghai 201620,China)

机构地区：[1]东华大学纺织学院,上海201620 [2]江苏悦达棉纺有限公司,江苏盐城224008 [3]东华大学纺织科技创新中心,上海201620

出　　处：《纺织学报》2023年第8期9-17,共9页Journal of Textile Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52003045)。

摘　　要：以太阳能驱动为主的界面光蒸汽转化技术是目前广泛使用的一种海水淡化技术,然而,以其为基础制备的海水淡化多级器件依然面临着制备方法复杂、价格昂贵、集水率不高等问题。为解决上述问题,使用廉价易得的紫铜板、碳纤维和粘胶基非织造布等材料,制备了能大幅增加光吸收率的碳纤维阵列光热层,快速供水的粘胶基非织造布水通道和蒸发层,以及快速冷凝水收集的疏水集水层,并以上述3部分为基础构筑太阳能驱动多级海水淡化器件。在确定器件最佳间距为3 mm,级数为十级之后,该器件在一个模拟太阳光照下实现了高达2.05 kg/(m^(2)·h)的集水率。该器件充分利用了潜热实现了高效的水收集,为后续多级界面蒸发器件的设计提供了一种新的思路。Objective With low power consumption and environmental friendliness,interfacial solar-driven steam generation technology has been expected to moderate water scarcity from the explosive growth of industry and population.Based on this technology,the multistage desalination devices are prepared for high-efficient freshwater collection.Method The 3-D carbon fiber array structure was constructed on the copper plate with excellent thermal conductivity by electrostatic flocking technology,and it was used as a photothermal layer to achieve outstanding light absorption.Non woven fabric with excellent hydrophilicity was used as a water transport channel.After the hydrophobic treatment,the copper plate acted as a water collection layer to rapidly obtain lots of freshwater.Based on the above three components,a ten-stage multistage desalination device with an inclined angle was prepared for high-efficient freshwater collection.Results The photothermal layer,which was fabricated with carbon fiber arrays and copper plate by electrostatic flocking technology,can reach a high temperature of 78.4℃for the top surface and 73.7℃for the bottom surface under one-sun irradiation(Fig.4).It shows the excellent photothermal effect and heat conduction.And it mainly benefits from the design of a three-dimensional array structure and the excellent photothermal properties of carbon fiber.It is seen that after the optimization of materials and fabric weight,the non-woven viscose fabric with 80 g/m^(2) can reach a wicking height of 18.1 cm within 30 min,and it spreads rapidly to 5 cm in 3 min.It has an excellent ability for water transport and diffusion,and it can continuously supply water for the photothermal layer during solar-vapor generation(Fig.5,Fig.7).The optimized copper plate has excellent hydrophobicity after the hydrophobic treatment.The surface of the copper plate has the shape of hierarchical porous petal-like nanostructures.The tightly packed petal-like structures increase the surface roughness of the copper plate and reduce th

关 键 词：静电植绒 非织造布 界面光蒸汽转换技术 海水淡化多级器件 水收集 太阳能 

分 类 号：TK519[动力工程及工程热物理—热能工程]