基于气候动态评价的宁乡雪茄烟适宜移栽期分析  

Analysis of Suitable Transplanting Period of Ningxiang Cigar Based on Climate Dynamic Assessment

作　　者：许金亮 胡俊杰 向世鹏 周世民 龙大彬 谢鹏飞 何命军 喻杰 陈治峰 钱秋芳 李强[1] XU Jiliang;HU Junjie;XIANG Shipeng;ZHOU Shimin;LONG Dabin;XIE Pengfei;HE Mingjun;YU Jie;CHEN Zhifeng;QIAN Qiufang;LI Qiang(College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China;Changsha Branch of Hunan Provincial Tobacco Company,Changsha,Hunan 410007,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]湖南省烟草公司长沙市公司,湖南长沙410007

出　　处：《作物研究》2023年第4期386-393,共8页Crop Research

基　　金：湖南省烟草公司长沙市公司项目(21-24A03,20-24A01)。

摘　　要：为明确宁乡烟区雪茄烟的气候特征与适宜移栽期,以宁乡1991—2020年气象数据为依据,比较分析宁乡烟区不同移栽期处理雪茄烟大田生育期与调制期的气候情况,并对其气候适宜性进行评价。结果表明:不同移栽期处理雪茄烟生育期均温大体维持在18~28℃,4月1日前移栽伸根期均温低于18℃,4月10日~5月1日移栽伸根期均温较适宜;5月1日后移栽成熟期均温大于29℃,且生育期内最高温度≥35℃的平均时间超过21 d,大田期均温为18~28℃的时间相对较短,高温逼熟现象较严重。3月13日前移栽,日照低于500 h;3月21日~4月22日移栽,日照为500~700 h,较适合烟叶生长;但5月1日后移栽,则日照超过700 h的年份较多。大田前中期降水量较适宜,各处理成熟期降水量均偏高。各处理大田期与调制期相对湿度为70%~80%,较适宜雪茄烟生产。随着移栽期的推迟,气候适宜性指数呈先升高后降低的趋势,4月10日移栽气候适宜性指数最高,为0.76。综合分析,宁乡烟区雪茄烟适宜移栽期为4月1日—4月10日,但由于不同年份的气候存在一定差异,因此还需根据当年的气象预测预报数据进行合理安排。In order to clarify the climatic characteristics and suitable transplanting period of cigars in Ningxiang tobacco area,based on the meteorological data from 1991 to 2020 in Ningxiang tobacco area,the climatic conditions of field growth period and modulation period of cigars in Ningxiang tobacco area were compared and analyzed,and its climatic suitability was evaluated.The results showed that the average temperature in the growth period of cigar tobacco was maintained at 18-28 ℃ in different transplanting data treatments,lower than 18 ℃ in the root-elongating stage of the treatment transplanted before April 1,and more suitable in the root-elongating stage of the treatment transplanted from April 10 to May 1,and more than 29 ℃ in the mature period of the treatment transplanted after May 1.The average days of the highest temperature ≥35 ℃ in the growth period were more than 21,and the days of 18-28 ℃ were relatively less,so the phenomenon of forced ripening at high temperature was serious.Transplanting before March 13,sunshine hours were less than 500 h;Transplanted from March 21 to April 22,the sunshine hours were 500 to 700 h,which was more suitable for tobacco leaf growth;However,when transplanted after May 1,the sunshine hours will exceed 700 h in more years.The precipitation in the early and middle stages of the field was more suitable,and the precipitation in the mature stages of each treatment was higher.The relative humidity of each treatment in field stage and preparation stage was 70%-80%,which was suitable for cigar production.With the delay of transplanting period,the climate suitability index showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing,and the climate suitability index of the treatment transplanted on April 10 was the highest(0.76).According to the comprehensive analysis,the suitable transplanting period for cigar in Ningxiang tobacco area is from April 1 to April 10,but due to the climate differences in different years,reasonable arrangements should be made according to the meteo

关 键 词：雪茄烟 移栽期 气候适宜性 生育期 

分 类 号：S572.04[农业科学—烟草工业]