《体育法》修订背景下“使用兴奋剂”犯罪化之再思考  

Rethinking the Criminalization of"Doping Use"in the Context of the Revision of the Sports Law

作　　者：袁佳音 YUAN Jiayin(School of Law,Southeast University,Nanjing 211100,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]东南大学法学院,江苏南京211100

出　　处：《山东体育学院学报》2023年第4期57-65,共9页Journal of Shandong Sport University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目(编号:21BFX177)。

摘　　要：随着《刑法修正案(十一)》将“引诱、教唆、欺骗、组织、强迫运动员使用兴奋剂”的行为予以犯罪化,涉兴奋剂的规制似乎已经形成以反兴奋剂行政法律法规为基础,新增妨害兴奋剂管理罪为核心,司法解释对相关刑法规定加以明确为中轴的刑事法网。但是,“使用兴奋剂”这一行为类型在竞技体育中危害性极大且屡禁不止,现行刑法规范却未予置评。研究认为:《体育法》修订背景下,“使用兴奋剂”犯罪化具有合理根据。“使用兴奋剂”侵害了“体育竞争秩序与运动员健康”超个人复合法益,是其犯罪化的根源。现有法律法规无法对该行为形成有效约束,是“使用兴奋剂”犯罪化的必要前提。除此之外,“使用兴奋剂”还具有行为的明确性与入罪的合宪性,共同构成“使用兴奋剂”犯罪化的正当化依据。进而提出:在立法选择上,应将“使用兴奋剂”作为妨害兴奋剂管理罪的补充条款,而不是新增罪名;在法定刑构建上,运动员“使用兴奋剂”参加国内、国际重大体育竞赛,情节严重的,可以考虑处以资格刑或罚金刑,以实现刑罚配置的科学性。As the Criminal Law Amendment(XI)criminalizes the behavior of"luring,abetting,deceiving,organizing and forcing athletes to use doping",the regulation of doping seems to have formed a criminal law network based on anti doping administrative laws and regulations,with the new crime of impeding doping management as the core,and the judicial interpretation defines the relevant criminal law provisions as the central axis.However,the type of behavior of"using stimulants"is extremely harmful and repeatedly prohibited in competitive sports,and the current criminal law norms have not been commented on.Research suggests that in the context of the revision of the Sports Law,the criminalization of the use of stimulants has a reasonable basis.The use of stimulants infringes on the order of sports competition and the health of athletes beyond personal compound legal interests,which is the root of its criminalization.The existing laws and regulations cannot effectively constrain this behavior,which is a necessary prerequisite for the criminalization of"using stimulants".In addition,"use of stimulants"also has the clarity of behavior and the constitutionality of criminalization,which together constitute the legitimate basis for the criminalization of"use of stimulants".Propose that in terms of legislative choice,"the use of stimulants"should be considered as a supplementary provision for the crime of obstructing the management of stimulants,rather than a new charge.In terms of the construction of legal penalties,athletes who"use stimulants"to participate in major domestic and international sports competitions,if the circumstances are serious,can be considered to be punished with qualification or fine penalties to achieve scientific punishment allocation.

关 键 词：妨害兴奋剂管理罪 保护法益 使用兴奋剂 立法选择 刑罚配置 

分 类 号：G80-051[文化科学—运动人体科学]