基于环境DNA宏条形码的红枫湖鱼类多样性研究  

Fish Diversity in Hongfeng Lake Based on Environmental DNA Metabarcoding

作　　者：许龙飞 姚邓雕 郭星辰 杨原伟 李君轶[2] 姜海波 安苗 邵俭[1,3] XU Longfei;YAO Dengdiao;GUO Xingchen;YANG Yuanwei;LI Junyi;JIANG Haibo;AN Miao;SHAO Jian(College of Animal Science/Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics,Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region,Ministry of Education,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;Key Lab of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuhan 430223,China;Special Fishes Research Institute,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学动物科学学院/高原山地动物遗传育种与繁殖教育部重点实验室,贵州贵阳550025 [2]中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所,农业农村部淡水生物多样性保护重点实验室,湖北武汉430223 [3]贵州大学特种水产研究所,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《水产学杂志》2023年第4期1-7,共7页Chinese Journal of Fisheries

基　　金：贵州省科技支撑计划项目(黔科合支撑[2020]4Y027号).

摘　　要：2020年11月,按地理区域将贵州省清镇市猫跳河梯级水电站拦河而成的典型喀斯特高原型深水人工水库红枫湖水域划分为南湖(S1、S2、S3)和北湖(S4、S5、S6)共6个采样点,利用eDNA(environmental DNA,eDNA)宏条形码技术探究了贵州喀斯特高原水域鱼类多样性。结果:共监测到鱼类28种,隶属于4个目、13个科、25个属,其中梭鲈属(Sander)、鲚属(Coilia)、鳜属(Siniperca)、乌塘鳢属(Bostrychus)和鲈属(Perca)为优势属;南北湖鱼类群落空间分布差异性不显著(P>0.05),但各样点鱼类群落组成差异明显,其中S2鱼类群落多样性指数最高(Chao1618.9;Shannon 3.16),S6鱼类群落多样性指数最低(Chao1190.87;Shannon 0.98)。在所有鱼类组成中,鲈形目共13种,占46.43%,这表明该水域可能受人工养殖及引种放流等影响而导致外来物种入侵。结果表明,环境DNA技术可用于喀斯特高原水域的鱼类多样性及空间分布研究,并丰富了红枫湖鱼类基础资料及调查手段。The fish diversity characteristics were surveyed in samples collected in six sampling sites in South Lake(S1,S2,and S3)and North Lake(S4,S5,and S6)of Hongfeng Lake in Qingzhen,Guizhou Province,in November,2020 by environmental DNA metabarcoding technology.The results showed that 28 species of fish were identified,belonging to 4 orders,13 families and 25 genera,of which 12 species matched the historical database.It saw shown that the accuracy of eDNA technology for monitoring fish diversity relies on a complete reference library of 12S sequences of fish mitochondrial genes.The descending order of abundance of each genus of fish in Hongfeng Lake was expressed as follows:pikeperch Sander,anchovy Coilia,mandarin fish Siniperca,Chinese black sleeper Bostrychus,and perch Perca.PERMANOVA analysis revealed that there was not significant difference in the spatial distribution of fish communities in the South Lake and North Lake(R2=0.466,P=0.1>0.05),with differences in fish community composition between the sites,the maximal fish community diversity index(Chao1618.9;Shannon 3.16)at S2 and the minimal(Chao1190.87;Shannon 0.98)at S6.In addition,there were 13 species in Perciformes in the fish composition,significantly different from the historical database,suggesting that the waters may be at increased risk of invasion by alien species due to the effects of unscientific artificial farming and introduced releases behaviors.The finding elucidates that eDNA metabarcoding technology can be used to study fish diversity in karst plateau waters,further enriching the means of fish diversity surveys and background information in the region.

关 键 词：喀斯特高原 鱼类多样性 层次聚类分析 PCoA分析 红枫湖 

分 类 号：S932[农业科学—渔业资源]