东平湖与大汶河浮游植物群落结构季节变化及水质评价  

Seasonal Variation in Phytoplankton Community Structure and Water Quality Evaluation in Dongping Lake and Dawen River

作　　者：段萍萍 陈明帅 宋宁宁 王鑫[3] 张艳[1] DUAN Pingping;CHEN Mingshuai;SONG Ningning;WANG Xin;ZHANG Yan(College of Resources and Enviroment,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266109,China;College of Enviroment Science and Engineering,Qingdao University,Qingdao 266071,China;College of Marine Science and Engineering,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266109,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学资源与环境学院,山东青岛266109 [2]青岛大学环境科学与工程学院,山东青岛266071 [3]青岛农业大学海洋科学与工程学院,山东青岛266109

出　　处：《水产学杂志》2023年第4期89-98,共10页Chinese Journal of Fisheries

基　　金：山东省现代农业虾蟹产业技术体系创新团队项目(SDAIT-15);国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S202010435009).

摘　　要：为全面掌握东平湖与大汶河(35°30'~36°20'N,116°34'~117°2l'E)浮游植物群落结构及多样性的季节变化,2019年3月、6月、9月和12月对山东省泰安市东平县西部的东平湖与大汶河10个站位点进行野外调查,选择有效指标分析评价水质优劣。结果表明,东平湖与大汶河研究区域共检出浮游植物8门123种,优势度大于0.02的浮游植物共22种,其中绿藻门为8种,其次为硅藻和蓝藻门,分别为7种和5种,而裸藻门和黄藻门均为1种。东平湖与大汶河优势种组成的季节变化大体一致,春季和冬季的优势种主要以绿藻和硅藻为主,而夏季与秋季主要以绿藻和蓝藻为主。小球藻Chlorella vulgaris在4个月份均为优势种,其中3月份优势度最高。各采样点浮游植物的细胞丰度为1.634×10^(6)~5.652×10^(6)cells·L^(-1),平均为4.284×10^(6)cell·L^(-1),东平湖的总细胞丰度平均值(4.540×10^(6)cells·L^(-1))略高于大汶河(4.113×10^(6)cells·L^(-1))。浮游植物总生物量为8.54~48.35 mg·L^(-1),平均为23.67 mg·L^(-1),其中硅藻类群的生物量占比最高、其次是蓝藻和绿藻类群。Margalef物种丰富度指数(D)为1.313~4.932,Shannon-Wiener物种多样性指数(H)为0.893~2.794,Pielou均匀度指数(J)为0.388~0.863。运用以上指数,并结合浮游植物丰度、优势种分析水体污染表明,东平湖与大汶河研究区域水体介于轻污型到中污型之间,为中-富营养型水体。冗余分析结果表明,总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)和氟离子(F-)与浮游植物群落结构相关性显著(P<0.05)。综上所述,东平湖与大汶河研究区域浮游植物组成春冬季为绿藻-硅藻型,夏秋季为绿藻-蓝藻型,水质状况处于中营养到富营养水平。In order to comprehensively understand the seasonal variation in phytoplankton community structure and diversity in Dongping Lake and Dawen River(35°30'~36°20'N,116°34'~117°2l'E)in West of Dongping County,Tai'an City,Shandong Province,four field surveys of phytoplankton at 10 sampling sites were conducted in March,June,September and December 2019.The results showed that 123 species of 8 phyla were detected.There were 22 species of phytoplankton with dominance values of greater than 0.02,including 8 species of Chlorophyta,7 species of Bacillariophyta,5 species of Cyanophyta,while 1 species of Euglenophyta and Xanthophyta,respectively.The seasonal variation in dominant species was generally consistent in Dongping Lake and Dawen River.The dominant species mainly belonged to Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta in spring and winter,Chlorophyta and Cyanophyta in summer and autumn.Chlorella vulgaris was the dominant species in all four seasons,with the maximal dominance value in March.The cell abundance of phytoplankton was ranged from 1.634×10^(6)cells·L^(-1)to 5.652×10^(6)cells·L^(-1)at each sampling site,with an average of 4.284×10^(6)cell·L^(-1).There was slightly higher average total cell abundance in Dongping Lake(4.540×10^(6)cells·L^(-1))than that in Dawen River(4.113×10^(6)cells·L^(-1)).The total biomass of phytoplankton was ranged from 8.54 mg·L^(-1)to 48.35 mg·L^(-1),with an average of 23.67 mg·L^(-1),in which Bacillariophyta accounted for the highest biomass,followed by Cyanophyta and Chlorophyta.The Margalef species richness index(D)was found to be ranged from 1.313 to 4.932,the Shannon Wiener species diversity index(H)ranged from 0.893 to 2.794 and the Pielou evenness index(J)ranged from 0.388 to 0.863.According to evaluation based on the three types of indices,phytoplankton abundance and dominant species,the water quality were at low-to-medium pollution level and between mesotrophication to eutrophication in Dongping Lake and Dawen River.The redundancy analysis revealed that contents of total

关 键 词：东平湖 大汶河 浮游植物 群落结构 季节变化 环境因子 

分 类 号：X830.2[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X87