用于复杂原油乳液的高效破乳剂开发及应用研究进展  

Research progress on highly efficient demulsifiers for complex crude oil emulsions and their applications

作　　者：吴亚[1,2] 赵丹 方荣苗[1] 李婧瑶 常娜娜 杜春保 王文珍 史俊[1] WU Ya;ZHAO Dan;FANG Rongmiao;LI Jingyao;CHANG Nana;DU Chunbao;WANG Wenzhen;SHI Jun(College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Xi’an Shiyou University,Xi’an 710065,Shaanxi,China;Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Green Low-carbon Energy Materials and Processes,Xi’an 710065,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]西安石油大学化学化工学院,陕西西安710065 [2]陕西省绿色低碳能源材料与过程工程技术研究中心,陕西西安710065

出　　处：《化工进展》2023年第8期4398-4413,共16页Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(22002117,52073228);陕西省重点研发计划工业领域(2022GY-162);陕西省重点研发计划国际科技合作与交流项目(2019KW-061)。

摘　　要：石油生产中通常产生大量W/O、O/W或多重乳化的复杂原油乳液,造成生产效率大大降低以及严重的环境问题。目前所使用的破乳剂破乳效率低、普适性差、成本高、安全性不够等,开发高效、普适、绿色、安全破乳剂仍备受关注。本文基于原油乳液的特点及稳定机制分析,综述了不同原油乳液的破乳剂研究进展,主要围绕聚合物破乳剂、生物质基破乳剂、离子液体破乳剂和纳米材料破乳剂的特点、适用范围及其应用效果进行全面总结,对相应破乳剂的破乳机理进行针对性地分析研究,并指出破乳剂机理的研究方法。最后,本文对复杂原油乳液的高效破乳剂开发进行展望,提出破乳技术的未来发展趋势,以期为W/O、O/W或多重乳化的复杂原油乳液的破乳技术应用提供一定借鉴与参考。In petroleum production,a large number of W/O,O/W or multiple emulsified emulsions are usually produced,resulting in greatly reduced production efficiency and serious environmental problems.The demulsifiers used in production have low demulsification efficiency,high cost,poor universality and insufficient safety.There is still more attention to develop efficient,universal,green and safe demulsifiers.Based on the analysis of the characteristics and stability mechanism of crude oil emulsion,the research progress of demulsifiers for different crude oil lotion were summarized.It mainly included polymer demulsifiers,biomass based demulsifiers,ionic liquid demulsifiers and nano material demulsifiers.Finally,the development of efficient demulsifiers and the future development trend of demulsification technology were put forward.It laid a foundation for the demulsification technology application of W/O,O/W or complex crude oil emulsions.

关 键 词：复杂原油乳液 离子液体破乳剂 生物质基破乳剂 纳米材料破乳剂 破乳机理 

分 类 号：TE39[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程] TQ42[化学工程]