2012-2019年河南省某地级市农村生活饮用水健康风险评估  

Health risk assessment of rural drinking water in a prefecture-level city of Henan province,2012-2019

作　　者：曹金虎 郝鹏飞[2] 王宽[2] 张光辉 任静朝[1] CAO Jinhu;HAO Pengfei;WANG Kuan;ZHANG Guanghui;REN Jingchao(School of Public Health,Xinxiang Medical University,Xinxiang,Henan 453000,China;Xinxiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention;Department of Military Preventive Medicine,Army Medical University)

机构地区：[1]新乡医学院公共卫生学院,河南新乡453000 [2]新乡市疾病预防控制中心 [3]陆军军医大学军事预防医学系

出　　处：《现代疾病预防控制》2023年第9期659-663,共5页MODERN DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION

基　　金：河南省科技攻关项目(182102310087)。

摘　　要：目的了解河南省某地级市农村饮用水毒理学指标状况,并进行健康风险评估,为改善农村生活饮用水质量提供参考。方法随机选择该地级市农村地区的集中式供水点作为监测点,检测砷、汞、铅、六价铬、氟化物5项毒理学指标;采用美国环境保护署环境风险评估模型对饮用水中5项毒理学指标进行健康风险评估。结果2012-2019年(除2017年)共采集饮用水水样3646份,合格2782份,合格率76.30%。水质毒理学指标超标较严重的为氟化物,合格率为83.74%。该地级市农村总致癌风险为3.12×10^(-5),其中砷(1.85×10^(-5))和铬(1.24×10^(-5))存在一定的致癌风险;总非致癌风险为0.52,小于1。不确定性分析中,概率评估结果发现89.93%的饮用水摄入者未超过最大可接受风险水平,83.92%不存在非致癌风险;敏感性分析发现,致癌风险中砷浓度为最敏感参数(84.3%),非致癌风险中氟化物浓度为最敏感参数(94.3%)。结论该地级市农村生活饮用水总体处于较低风险水平,但氟化物超标率较高,且饮用水中砷和铬存在一定致癌风险,应采取有效措施控制氟化物、砷和铬的浓度,预防其带来的健康危害。Objective To investigate the toxicological indicators of drinking water in a prefecture level city in Henan,evaluate the health risk of drinking water quality in rural areas,and provide the reference for improving the quality of drinking water in rural areas.Methods The centralized water supply sites in rural areas of the prefectural city were randomly selected as monitoring sites,and five toxicological indicators including arsenic,mercury,lead,chromium(hexavalent)and fluoride were detected;the risk assessment model of environment created by United States Environmental Protection Agency was used to assess the health risks of five toxicological indicators in drinking water.Results A total of 3646 drinking water samples were collected from 2012 to 2019(except 2017),and 2782 were qualified,with the overall qualified rate of 76.30%.Fluoride(qualified rate=83.74%)was the toxicological indicator of water quality with highly exceeding standard.The results of risk assessment showed that the total carcinogenic risk was 3.12×10^(-5),among which arsenic(1.85×10^(-5))and chromium(1.24×10^(-5))had certain carcinogenic risks.The total non-carcinogenic risk is 0.52,less than 1.In the uncertainty analysis,the probability assessment results showed that 89.93%of drinkers did not exceed the maximum acceptable risk level,and 83.92%of drinkers had no non-carcinogenic risk.In sensitivity analysis,arsenic concentration was the most sensitive parameter in carcinogenic risk(84.3%),and fluoride concentration was the most sensitive parameter in non-carcinogenic risk(94.3%).Conclusions The drinking water in the rural areas of the studied city is at a low risk level;fluoride highly exceeds the standard;arsenic and chromium in drinking water have certain carcinogenic risk.The effective measures should be taken to control the concentrations of fluoride,arsenic and chromium for preventing health hazards caused by them.

关 键 词：生活饮用水 风险评估 毒理学指标 不确定性分析 

分 类 号：R123[医药卫生—环境卫生学]