监督力度、奖惩制度与城市居民生活垃圾分类行为——以北京市为例  

Supervision intensity,reward-punishment system,and urban residents'household waste classification behavior:A case study of Beijing

作　　者：张卓伟 赵霞[1] ZHANG Zhuo-wei;ZHAO Xia

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学经济管理学院

出　　处：《城市问题》2023年第7期84-92,103,共10页Urban Problems

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(2022TC101)——“农村人居环境整治模式、效果评估与机制创新研究”;中国农业大学研究生案例教学课程建设项目(63120004)。

摘　　要：城市生活垃圾分类试点政策实施四年以来,监督和奖惩制度已在多地实施运用,但仍存在约束失灵、效果有限等问题。通过建立博弈理论模型提出假设,并选择北京市六个主城区居民作为研究对象,运用双门槛Logit回归、调节效应回归等方法进行实证检验,研究发现:监督和奖惩制度均能有效促进居民垃圾分类,且奖惩制度组合促进作用更强。进一步分析发现,监督力度对居民参与垃圾分类的边际促进作用递减,且是奖惩制度的负向调节变量,特别是对惩罚制度的负向调节作用更强。在控制变量中,环境认知与垃圾桶设施配备能够正向促进居民参与垃圾分类,而租户的垃圾分类行为相对较差。为此,提出推进垃圾分类要注重奖惩制度结合,实行奖惩制度的同时适度放宽监督力度,以更好发挥制度组合的作用。同时,仍需加大垃圾分类宣传,完善垃圾分类设施,加强对租户的管理与引导。The pilot policy of urban living Waste sorting classification has been implemented for four years,and the supervision and reward and punishment system is widely used in many places,but there are still problems such as constraint failure and limited effect.By establishing a game theory model to propose hypotheses,selecting residents from the six main urban areas of Beijing as the research subjects,and using double threshold Logit regression and moderating effect regression methods for empirical testing.The study found that both supervision and reward and punishment systems can effectively promote the Waste sorting of residents,and the combination of reward and punishment systems has a stronger promotion effect.Further analysis shows that the marginal promoting effect of supervision on residents'participation in Waste sorting is decreasing,and it is a negative regulating variable of the reward and punishment system,and has a stronger negative regulating effect on the punishment system.Among the control variables,environmental awareness and garbage can facilities can positively promote residents'participation in classification,while tenants'Waste sorting behavior is relatively poor.Therefore,it is proposed that the combination of reward and punishment system should be emphasized to promote Waste sorting;While implementing the reward and punishment system,measures such as moderately relaxing supervision to better play the role of institutional combinations should be taken.At the same time,it is still necessary to increase the publicity of Waste sorting,improve Waste sorting facilities,and strengthen the management and guidance of tenants.

关 键 词：北京城市居民 生活垃圾分类行为 奖惩制度 调节变量 

分 类 号：F812.4[经济管理—财政学] F293.3