长江安徽段江心洲侵蚀-堆积过程对长江三峡工程建设的响应特征分析  

Response Characteristics of Erosion-Accumulation Process of River Islands in the Anhui Section of the Yangtze River to the Construction of the Three Gorges Project

作　　者：赵婷婷 胡春生 田景梅 何成邦 李伯祥 ZHAO Ting-ting;HU Chun-sheng;TIAN Jing-mei;HE Cheng-bang;LI Bo-xiang(School of Geography and Tourism,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu 241003,China;Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin,Anhui Province,Wuhu 241003,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学地理与旅游学院,安徽芜湖241003 [2]江淮流域地表过程与区域响应安徽省重点实验室,安徽芜湖241003

出　　处：《安徽师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第5期448-456,共9页Journal of Anhui Normal University(Natural Science)

基　　金：安徽省自然科学基金项目(2108085MD127).

摘　　要：近年来,长江干流修建众多水利工程,三峡水库作为世界上最大水利工程——三峡工程的一部分,其建设改变了长江中下游河段的天然水沙条件,影响了长江中下游江心洲的发育。基于2000、2003、2005、2007、2010、2013、2015、2017、2020年等9期TM/ETM/OLI遥感影像,借助改进归一化差异水体指数法(MNDWI)提取长江安徽段(下称皖江)江心洲形态演变的时空信息,得到江心洲面积变化量和变化率随时间的变化关系,进而分析皖江江心洲侵蚀-堆积过程对长江三峡工程建设的时间响应特征。研究发现:(1)三峡水库施工期蓄水后,皖江江心洲面积发生频繁波动变化,安庆段和铜陵段江心洲对皖江江心洲面积影响较大,贡献可达80%以上。(2)安庆、池州、铜陵、芜湖等4段因距离三峡水库较近受到的影响较大,江心洲最大面积变化率分别达到了-19.54%、-39.05%、-24.87%、-15.02%,而马鞍山段因距离三峡水库较远受到的影响较小,最大面积变化率仅为-7.33%。(3)皖江江心洲侵蚀-堆积过程对三峡工程建设存在三个响应时期,即2003—2007年的调整期、2007—2013年的平稳期和2013—2020年的平衡期。In recent years,many water conservancy projects have been built along the main stream of the Yangtze River.The construction of the Three Gorges Reservoir,as a part of the world's largest water conservancy project-the Three Gorges Project,has changed the natural water and sediment conditions in the lower Yangtze River,thus affecting the development of river islands in the middle and lower Yangtze River.Using TM/ETM/OLI remote sensing images in 2000,2003,2005,2007,2010,2013,2015,2017 and 2020,the space-time information of the morphological evolution of river islands in the Anhui section of the Yangtze River(hereinafter referred to as the Wanjiang River)was extracted.This paper analyzes the characteristic on the response of erosion-accumulation process of river islands in the Wanjiang River to the construction of the Three Gorges Project.The results show that:(1)After the impounding of the Three Gorges Reservoir during the construction period,the area of river islands in theWanjiang River fluctuates frequently,and the area of river islands in Anqing section and Tongling section has a great influence on the area of river islands in the Wanjiang River,the contribution of which can reach over 80%.(2)The four sections of Anqing-Chizhou-Tongling-Wuhu are greatly affected because they are close to the Three Gorges Reservoir,and the maximum area change rate of river islands is up to-19.54%,-39.05%,-24.87%and-15.02%respectively,while the Maanshan section is far away from the Three Gorges Reservoir and therefore is less affected,the maximum area change rate of which is only-7.33%.(3)The erosion-accumulation process of river islands in the Wanjiang River has three response periods to the construction of the Three Gorges Project,namely,the adjustment period from 2003 to 2007,the stationary period from 2007 to 2013,and the equilibrium period from 2013 to 2020.

关 键 词：江心洲面积 侵蚀-堆积过程 三峡工程 时间响应 长江安徽段 

分 类 号：P931.1[天文地球—自然地理学]