超临界二氧化碳核能动力系统的兴起和发展  

Initiation and Development of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Nuclear Energy and Power System

作　　者：黄彦平[1] 刘旻昀 卓文彬[1] 叶绿 唐佳 陈尧兴 刘睿龙 刘秀婷 唐瑜[1] 赵学斌 宫厚军[1] 昝元锋 HUANG Yanping;LIU Minyun;ZHUO Wenbin;YE Lü;TANG Jia;CHEN Yaoxing;LIU Ruilong;LIU Xiuting;TANG Yu;ZHAO Xuebin;GONG Houjun;ZAN Yuanfeng(CNNC Key Laboratory on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics Technology,Nuclear Power Institute of China,Chengdu 610213,China;Department of Engineering Physics,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]中国核动力研究设计院中核核反应堆热工水力技术重点实验室,四川成都610213 [2]清华大学工程物理系,北京100084

出　　处：《原子能科学技术》2023年第9期1665-1680,共16页Atomic Energy Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(U1867218)。

摘　　要：超临界二氧化碳(S-CO_(2))核能动力系统以S-CO_(2)为工质,通过直接或间接循环将核释热转换为电能或机械能。本文总结了国际上S-CO_(2)核能动力系统的概念初创、研究重启、协同创新3个历史阶段近60年的发展历程,分析了S-CO_(2)核能动力系统在核反应堆设计、材料工艺、热工流体力学、换热器、涡轮发电系统、系统运行、控制及安全策略等方面的研究现状,并提出了S-CO_(2)核能动力系统在基础研究和工程攻关中面临的技术挑战和攻关方向。目前,以中美为代表的能源强国已初步完成S-CO_(2)动力转换系统的实验室级测试,预计可在5~10年内实现中等规模工程示范甚至规模化应用。S-CO_(2)核能动力系统基本具备了走向工程的前提条件,有望引领先进核能技术变革。The supercritical carbon dioxide(S-CO_(2))nuclear energy and power system uses S-CO_(2) as the working fluid to convert nuclear heat directly or indirectly into electricity or mechanical energy.S-CO_(2) is considered one of the most promising working fluids for applications in conventional and high-temperature scenarios.The unique properties of S-CO_(2),such as its non-phase-change behavior,high density,compressibility near the pseudo-critical region,low thermal cycle compression ratio,minimal thermal inertia equipment requirements,and suitability for direct cycle and power generation propulsion technologies,simplify the system,reduce volume,lower weight,improve maneuverability,reduce noise,and enhance thermal efficiency.The advantages of S-CO_(2) power conversion technology not only meet the development needs of the next generation of advanced energy conversion technology but also align with the future trends of nuclear power systems.Leading energy technology countries,including the United States,conducted extensive research on S-CO_(2) power conversion technology in areas such as fossil fuel power generation,nuclear energy,waste heat recovery,and solar thermal power.Some of these projects have already entered the engineering demonstration phase.In China,S-CO_(2) power conversion technology was included in the“14th Five-Year Plan”for scientific and technological innovation in the energy sector.Numerous universities and industrial sectors in China are actively conducting research and development in this field.The development of S-CO_(2) nuclear power system in three historical stages for nearly 60 years,including the concept creation,research restart,and collaborative innovation,was summarized in this paper.The research status of S-CO_(2) nuclear energy and power system in reactor design,material technology,thermohydraulics,heat exchangers,turbomachines,system operation,control,and security policies was also introduced.The technical challenges and key research directions faced by S-CO_(2) nuclear energy and p

关 键 词：超临界二氧化碳 布雷顿循环 核反应堆 核能动力系统 

分 类 号：TL334[核科学技术—核技术及应用]