同位素热光伏电源真空热性能试验研究  

Experimental Study on Vacuum Thermal Performance of RTPV

作　　者：苏生[1,2] 邵剑雄 邱家稳[4] 陈阳[1,2] 马巨印[1,2] 田岱 马彬[1] 韩承志 SU Sheng;SHAO Jianxiong;QIU Jiawen;CHEN Yang;MA Juyin;TIAN Dai;MA Bin;HAN Chengzhi(Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering,Beijing 100094,China;Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Thermal Control Technology,Beijing 100094,China;School of Nuclear Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China;China Academy of Space Technology,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]北京空间飞行器总体设计部,北京100094 [2]空间热控技术北京市重点实验室,北京100094 [3]兰州大学核科学与技术学院,甘肃兰州730000 [4]中国空间技术研究院,北京100094

出　　处：《原子能科学技术》2023年第9期1841-1847,共7页Atomic Energy Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(U20B2008)。

摘　　要：针对同位素热光伏电源内部的长期高温隔热需求,分别采用突刺、金属丝网和气凝胶作为间隔层,制作了3种不封边高温多层隔热组件,将其安装在同位素热光伏电源样机中,在真空试验台上进行了系统真空热性能测试。测试结果表明:在间隔层的装配间隔效果可控性方面,气凝胶间隔层最优;采用气凝胶间隔层时,高温多层隔热组件与滤光器形成的光学腔的封闭性最好,系统热量利用率最高,同位素热光伏电源样机在输入电功率为250 W时,热源温度达到1038℃,初步满足工程应用需求。In the 250 Wt RTPV(radioisotope thermophoto-voltaic)system,the heat source operates at a temperature above 1000℃,which requires a long term stable thermal insulation devices.In this paper,three types of non-sealed high temperature MLI(multilayer insulator)were prepared by using spike,stainless steel wire mesh and aerogel as separator respectively.Each type was installed and tested in the RTPV prototype separately.The three MLIs are in the same size of 187 mm long,183 mm wide and 50 mm thick.In MLI with spike separator,50 metal foil reflectors were pierced several small holes,the spikes from the holes were used as the separator to make the adjacent reflectors in point contact.In MLI with stainless steel wire mesh separator,50 stainless steel wire meshes were spot weld on each of the metal foil reflectors as the separator to make the adjacent reflectors in line contact.In MLI with aerogel separator,18 polished metal plates were used as the reflectors,and slender strip aerogels in size of 50 mm×10 mm×2 mm were installed on four corners between adjacent reflectors as the separator.The main configuration of RTPV prototype tested in this paper was as follow.1)An electric heating source with the size of 99 mm×95 mm×55 mm was used to simulate the radioisotope heat source.The heat source was supported in RTPV center by seven ceramic nails and coated with tungsten alloy radiation emitter.2)Four optical filters were placed 34 mm away from the heat source and supported by four inner brackets.3)Photovoltaic cells were installed on the side walls inside the housing with a distance of 14 mm from the optical filter.4)Two high temperature MLIs were installed on the upper and lower end covers inside the housing.5)Cold plates were used on the side walls outside the housing.Vacuum thermal performances of RTPV with different MLIs were carried out on a test platform.Based on the test results,some conclusions come out as follows.1)The aerogel separator has the best performance in controllability of the assembly separating effect,

关 键 词：同位素热光伏 不封边高温多层隔热组件 间隔层 真空热性能 

分 类 号：TL99[核科学技术—核技术及应用] V416[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]