美国拜登政府制造业发展战略措施及启示  

Strategic Measures and Suggestions for Manufacturing Development of Biden Government in the United States

作　　者：史冬梅 王晶 张景胤 SHI Dongmei;WANG Jing;ZHANG Jingyin(High Technology Research and Development Center,Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China,Beijing 100044)

机构地区：[1]科学技术部高技术研究发展中心,北京100044

出　　处：《全球科技经济瞭望》2023年第5期21-32,共12页Global Science，Technology and Economy Outlook

摘　　要：受新冠疫情影响,美国制造业发展呈现衰退趋势,对其经济产生了一定消极影响。2021年拜登就任美国总统后,明确了制造业对于确保美国全球领先经济地位和国家安全的支撑作用,通过一系列举措重振美国制造业。美国白宫在国家层面对先进制造业发展所制定的战略主要包括聚焦特定技术目标开发和实施先进制造技术,促进先进制造业劳动力发展,以及提升制造业供应链弹性。在此战略下,美国国家标准与技术研究院制定最新跨行业制造技术路线图,由多个政府部门、研究所、高校及制造业企业组成的制造业创新网络协同合作,推动技术进步、促进先进制造业劳动力就业及构建先进制造业创新生态系统。美国制造业相关战略和政策对中国制造业发展具有一定的启示作用,并据此提出相关建议。Under the influence of the COVID-19,the manufacturing in the United States shows a declining trend,which has an impact on the U.S.economy.After Biden took office as President of the U.S.in 2021,U.S.government has clarified the supporting role of manufacturing industry in ensuring the global leading economic position and national security of the U.S.,and revitalized the U.S.manufacturing industry through a series of measures.The strategies formulated by the White House at the national level for the development of advanced manufacturing mainly includes:focusing on specific technical objectives to carry out rapid development and implementation of manufacturing technology,developing advanced manufacturing labor force,and improving the flexibility of the United States manufacturing supply chain.Under the national manufacturing strategy,NIST has developed the latest cross-industry manufacturing technology roadmap,and the manufacturing innovation network composed of multiple government departments,research institutes,universities and manufacturing enterprises has cooperated to promote technological progress,improve advanced manufacturing labor force and build an advanced manufacturing innovation ecosystem.This paper analyzes the enlightenment of the relevant strategies and policies of the U.S.manufacturing industry on the development of China’s manufacturing industry,and puts forward relevant suggestions around strengthening the support of scientific and technological innovation to the manufacturing industry.

关 键 词：美国制造业 先进制造 制造业战略 拜登政府 

分 类 号：F124.3[经济管理—世界经济]