不同类型晚稻品种安全齐穗下限温度及湖北双季稻区晚稻安全齐穗期研究  

Critical Lowest Temperature for the Safe Heading of Various Types of Late-Season Rice Cultivars and the Safe Dates for Their Full Heading in Different Double-Season Rice Cropping Regions of Hubei Province

作　　者：李仪 卢建新 曹鹏 周登文 刘继民 田平平 蔡明历[1] 曹凑贵[1] 杨特武[1] LI Yi;LU JianXin;CAO Peng;ZHOU DengWen;LIU JiMin;TIAN PingPing;CAI MingLi;CAO CouGui;YANG TeWu(College of Plant Science and Technology/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070;Jingzhou Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Jingzhou 434020,Hubei;Hubei Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Wuhan 430070;Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Xiaochang County,Xiaogan 432900,Hubei;Agricultural Technology Service Center of Zhangtiansi Township,Gongan County,Jingzhou 434324,Hubei)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学植物科学技术学院/农业农村部长江中游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,武汉430070 [2]荆州市农业技术推广中心,湖北荆州434020 [3]湖北省农业技术推广总站,武汉430070 [4]孝感市孝昌县农业技术推广中心,湖北孝感432900 [5]荆州市公安县章田寺乡农技服务中心,湖北荆州434324

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2023年第17期3302-3316,共15页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0301402)。

摘　　要：【目的】确定不同类型晚稻品种安全齐穗下限温度和湖北省不同双季稻区二季晚稻安全齐穗期,为各地合理布局和科学安排双季稻生产提供指导。【方法】以适宜湖北省双季稻区不同种植方式的粳型、籼型和籼粳杂交型二季晚稻品种为材料,分别于2020年和2021年在湖北省咸宁赤壁市、荆州公安县、武汉洪山区、黄冈团风县、孝感孝昌县5地进行分期播种大田试验,并结合对孕穗抽穗期盆栽试验材料进行模拟低温处理,通过调查结实率和单株产量,分析齐穗前气温与结实率的关系,以结实率降低到最适温度下结实率的82%时的温度为安全齐穗下限温度;在此基础上,根据近30年气象资料绘制湖北省不同双季稻区不同类型晚稻品种在9月份逐日齐穗风险图,并以齐穗日在80%以上的年份可以避开低温的影响作为各地的安全齐穗期。【结果】随着播期的推迟,各类品种抽穗期延迟。在迟播条件下单株(穴)产量显著降低。结实率是影响各类品种产量的主要因素,并与齐穗前4 d平均气温呈二次曲线关系。齐穗前4 d安全齐穗下限温度,粳稻品种为19.6℃,较传统标准低0.4℃;籼稻品种为22.4℃,较传统标准高0.4℃;籼粳交品种为22.2℃,与籼稻品种接近。湖北省双季稻区粳稻、籼稻和籼粳交品种的最迟安全齐穗期,在湖北东南地区分别为9月25—28日、9月16—19日和9月17—20日;在东部地区分别为9月23—27日、9月13—19日和9月14—20日;在江汉平原分别为9月25—27日、9月10—17日和9月10—18日;在北部地区分别为9月22—26日、9月7—15日和9月7—17日。【结论】不同类型晚稻品种及其在湖北省不同地区的安全齐穗期存在较大差异,从南到北呈提早趋势,籼稻品种早于粳稻品种,籼粳交品种与籼稻品种接近。为保证二季晚稻安全生产,各地应根据气候条件和品种特性选择适宜的品种并安排合理的播期;种【Objective】The objective of this study is to determine the critical lowest temperature for the safe heading of various types of late-season rice cultivars and the dates for their safe full heading in different double-season rice production regions of Hubei Province,and to provide guidelines for the rational layout and scientific arrangement of double-season rice production in different regions.【Method】Different types of late-season rice cultivars including japonica,indica and indica-japonica hybrid those are suitable for different cropping methods in the double-season rice cropping regions of Hubei Province were used as materials and a multi-site field experiment with various sowing dates was conducted at Chibi City,Xianning,Gongan County,Jingzhou,Hongshan District,Wuhan,Tuanfeng County,Huanggang,and Xiaochang County,Xiaogan,Hubei Province,respectively,in 2020 and 2021.Meanwhile,simulated low-temperature treatment was imposed to the potted plants during booting and heading in a pot experiment.The grain-setting rate and grain yield per plant or hill were investigated and the relationship between grain-setting rate and air temperature prior to full heading was analyzed.The critical lowest temperature for their safe heading of various types of cultivars was determined using the temperature under that the grain-setting rate was reduced to 82%of that under the optimum temperature.Furthermore,the daily risk maps for the full heading of different cultivar types in September were drawn based on the meteorological data in the past 30 years in various double-season rice cropping regions of Hubei Province.The latest safe dates for full heading of various types of cultivars in different double-season rice cropping regions were determined as the injury from low temperature to their heading can be avoided in more than 80%of years.【Result】With the delay of sowing date,the heading date of various cultivars was delayed.The grain yield per plant or hill decreased significantly under late sowing conditions.Grain-setting

关 键 词：二季晚稻 安全齐穗 低温 结实率 产量 

分 类 号：S511.33[农业科学—作物学]