橘小实蝇对不同品种苹果的选择偏好及适应性  

Selection Preference and Adaptability of Bactrocera dorsalis to Different Varieties of Malus pumila

作　　者：李星星 周国富 骆官雨 陈思蓉 张金龙[1] 陈国华[1] 张晓明[1] LI XingXing;ZHOU GuoFu;LUO GuanYu;CHEN SiRong;ZHANG JinLong;CHEN GuoHua;ZHANG XiaoMing(College of Plant Protection,Yunnan Agricultural University/National Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan,Kunming 650201)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学植物保护学院/云南生物资源保护与利用国家重点实验室,昆明650201

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2023年第17期3358-3371,共14页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：云南省重大科技专项(202102AE090006);云南省中青年学术技术带头人后备人才项目(202105AC160071);“云南省高层次人才培养支持计划”青年拔尖人才专项(YNWRNBJ2020291);“云南省昭阳区苹果产业科技特派团”项目(202104BI090028)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究橘小实蝇(Bactrocera dorsalis)在6个主栽苹果品种果实上的选择偏好,了解不同品种苹果果实对橘小实蝇生长发育的影响。【方法】以3种早熟品种(华硕、红露、嘎拉)和3种晚熟品种(短枝富士、烟富三号、秦脆)为试验材料,使用硬度计和糖度折光仪测定苹果果实的硬度和糖度;设置完整果实、去皮果实和果实气味3种处理方式,将同成熟批次的同一处理方式果实放入养虫笼内,测定橘小实蝇对不同品种果实的访问数和产卵数;饲喂初孵幼虫不同品种果实,测定其取食后幼虫历期、化蛹率、蛹重等生长发育参数,分析其对不同品种苹果的选择偏好和生长发育适应性。【结果】橘小实蝇在不同品种苹果果实上的访问数和产卵数存在差异,雌虫对果实的不同品种和处理更为敏感。早熟品种的完整果实中,橘小实蝇更偏好选择嘎拉,该品种上的雌虫访问数和诱卵数分别达9.0头和105.0粒/果;晚熟品种的完整果实中,橘小实蝇更偏好选择秦脆,该品种上的雌虫访问数和诱卵数分别达5.5头和64.2粒/果。果实处理方式影响橘小实蝇的选择偏好,除嘎拉外,同一品种果实的不同处理方式中去皮果实上的访问数和产卵数更高;早熟品种中以华硕的去皮果实上诱卵数最高,达201.6粒/果,晚熟品种中以烟富三号的果实气味诱卵数最高,达83.8粒/装置;双因素方差分析发现,品种和果实处理方式会对访问数和诱卵数产生影响。橘小实蝇取食嘎拉后的幼虫历期最短,为11.9 d,蛹期以华硕最短,为9.9 d;化蛹率和羽化率在晚熟品种中更高,橘小实蝇幼虫取食不同品种苹果后的特定年龄-阶段存活率差异主要在2龄阶段,取食华硕和嘎拉的2龄幼虫发育速度最快,3 d时达到特定年龄-阶段存活率峰值。【结论】橘小实蝇对苹果不同品种的选择偏好存在差异,早熟品种中偏好选择嘎拉,晚熟品种中偏好秦脆;果【Objective】This study aims to investigate the preference of Bactrocera dorsalis for fruits of six main Malus pumila varieties and to understand the effects of different varieties of M.pumila on the growth and development of B.dorsalis.【Method】Three early maturing varieties(Huashuo,Honglu,Gala)and three late maturing varieties(Duanzhifushi,Yanfu No.3,Qincui)were used as test materials.The hardness and sugar content of M.pumila fruit were determined by hardness tester and a brix refractometer.Three types of fruit handling methods were employed:whole fruit,peeled fruit and fruit odor.Fruits of the same ripening batch of the same handling method were placed in rearing cages,to measure the numbers of visits and laid eggs by B.dorsalis on fruits of different varieties were determined.Feeding different varieties of fruits to the first hatching larvae,the growth and development parameters of larval duration,pupation rate,pupal weight and other parameters after feeding were determined.The selection preference and development adaptability of B.dorsalis to different varieties of M.pumila were analyzed.【Result】There were differences in the numbers of visits and laid eggs of B.dorsalis on different varieties of fruits.The female adults were more sensitive to different varieties and fruit handling methods.B.dorsalis preferred to choose Gala among whole fruits of the early maturing varieties,which had 9.0 female visits and 105.0 eggs per fruit,respectively.While among the late maturing varieties,B.dorsalis showed a stronger preference for Qincui,and the numbers of female visits and laid eggs on this variety reached to 5.5 and 64.2 eggs per fruit,respectively.The fruit handling methods influenced the selection preference of B.dorsalis.With the exception of Gala,the numbers of visits and laid eggs on peeled fruits were higher in different fruit handling methods of the same variety.Among the early maturing varieties,Huashuo had held the highest number of laid eggs on the peeled fruit,reached to 201.6 eggs per fruit,and

关 键 词：橘小实蝇 苹果 生长发育 选择偏好 选择适应性 

分 类 号：S436.611[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]