河北永定河流域葡萄园土壤硝态氮空间分布特征  

Spatial Distribution of Nitrate in Vineyards Soils in Yongding River Basin,Hebei Province

作　　者：李思奇 王志慧 常玉瑶 吉艳芝 郭艳杰 刘俊[3] 张丽娟 王娅静 LI SiQi;WANG ZhiHui;CHANG YuYao;JI YanZhi;GUO YanJie;LIU Jun;ZHANG LiJuan;WANG YaJing(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Hebei Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Farmland Eco-Environment of Hebei Province/Innovation Center of Urban Forest Health Technology of Hebei Province,Baoding 071000,Hebei;Geological Prospecting Institute,China General Administration of Metallurgical Geology,Baoding 071000,Hebei;Hebei Academy of Forestry Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050061)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院/河北省农田生态环境重点实验室/河北省城市森林健康技术创新中心,河北保定071000 [2]中国冶金地质总局物勘院,河北保定071000 [3]河北省林业科学研究院,石家庄050061

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2023年第17期3399-3411,共13页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：河北省怀来县科技支撑计划(2021C-04);国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0200106);河北省自然科学基金(D2020204006)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究永定河流域葡萄园氮素投入、高程与土壤硝态氮含量和累积量之间的关系,旨在为永定河流域葡萄种植区的合理施肥和降低环境污染风险提供理论依据。【方法】以河北永定河流域52个典型葡萄园为研究对象,实地调研葡萄园养分投入现状,室内分析测定葡萄园0—60 cm垂直土层(间隔20 cm)硝态氮含量,并计算其累积量和盈余量。利用ArcGIS地统计学方法分析氮素投入和盈余、土壤硝态氮含量和累积量的空间变异性。【结果】永定河流域施用有机肥农户不足50%,以施用无机肥为主。上、下游葡萄园平均氮素投入量分别为(1492.79±988.90)和(1079.31±638.25)kg·hm^(-2),平均氮素盈余量分别为(1430.41±993.01)和(1027.23±637.37)kg·hm^(-2),氮素投入与盈余量之间呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),且在空间分布上均具有从西到东递减的趋势。土壤硝态氮含量和累积量在不同土层间的变化及空间分布规律一致,低值区主要分布在下游,高值区主要分布在上游。上游和下游0—60 cm土壤剖面硝态氮平均含量分别为34.96和18.76 mg·kg-1,平均累积量分别为92.44和48.12 kg·hm^(-2),不同土层间均差异显著。上游土壤硝态氮含量和累积量在20—40 cm土层最低,下游则随土层的增加而增加。上游土壤硝态氮含量和累积量在600—650 m高程范围内最高,显著高于其他高程(P<0.05),而下游受高程的影响不显著。相关性分析表明,高程主要影响表层硝态氮累积量分布,氮素投入主要影响底层硝态氮累积量分布。【结论】永定河流域葡萄园氮素盈余严重,垂直土层硝态氮向深层累积,不同高程(除450—500 m)土壤硝态氮含量与累积量均为上游高于下游,但在垂直分布上变化趋势不同,受高程和氮素投入共同影响。【Objective】The relationship between nitrogen input,elevation of vineyards and soil nitrate content and accumulation in Yongding River Basin was studied,in order to provide a theoretical basis for rational fertilization and reduction of environmental pollution risks of vineyards in Yongding River Basin.【Method】52 typical vineyards in Yongding River Basin of Hebei Province were selected as the research objects.The current situation of nutrient input in the vineyard was analyzed through field investigation.Soil nitrate contents of 0-60 cm(20 cm interval)was measured through indoor analysis,and its accumulation and surplus were calculated.Spatial variability of nitrogen input and surplus,soil nitrate content and accumulation were analyzed by ArcGIS geostatistics.【Result】Less than 50%of farmers in Yongding River basin applied organic fertilizer,mainly using inorganic fertilizer.The average nitrogen input in upstream and downstream vineyards was(1492.79±988.90)and(1079.31±638.25)kg·hm^(-2),respectively.The average nitrogen surplus were(1430.41±993.01)and(1027.23±637.37)kg·hm^(-2),respectively.There was a significant positive correlation between nitrogen input and surplus(P<0.01),and the spatial distribution showed a decreasing trend from west to east.The variation and spatial distribution of soil nitrate content and accumulation in different soil layers were consistent.The low value area was mainly distributed in the downstream,while the high value area was mainly distributed in the upstream.The average nitrate content of 0-60 cm soil profile in the upper and lower reaches was 34.96 and 18.76 mg·kg-1,respectively,and the average cumulative amount was 92.44 and 48.12 kg·hm^(-2),respectively,which showed significant differences among different soil layers.Soil nitrate content and accumulation in the upper reaches were the lowest in the 20-40 cm soil layer,and increased with the increase of soil layer in the lower reaches.Soil nitrate content and accumulation in the upper reaches were the highest at 60

关 键 词：永定河流域 葡萄园 氮素投入与盈余 高程 硝态氮含量 硝态氮累积量 空间分布 

分 类 号：S153.6[农业科学—土壤学]