基于表型性状的高粱育种材料遗传多样性分析及综合评价  

Genetic Diversity Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of Sorghum Breeding Materials Based on Phenotypic Traits

作　　者：张一中 张晓娟 梁笃 郭琦[1,2] 范昕琦 聂萌恩 王绘艳[1,2] 赵文博 杜维俊 柳青山[2] ZHANG YiZhong;ZHANG XiaoJuan;LIANG Du;GUO Qi;FAN XinQi;NIE MengEn;WANG HuiYan;ZHAO WenBo;DU WeiJun;LIU QingShan(Sorghum Research Institute,Shanxi Agricultural University/Shanxi Key Laboratory of Sorghum Genetic and Germplasm Innovation,Yuci 030600,Shanxi;State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture(in preparation),Taiyuan 030031;Center for Agricultural Genetic Resources Research,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan 030031;College of Agriculture,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,Shanxi)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学高粱研究所/高粱遗传与种质创新山西省重点实验室,山西榆次030600 [2]省部共建有机旱作农业国家重点实验室(筹),太原030031 [3]山西农业大学农业基因资源研究中心,太原030031 [4]山西农业大学农学院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2023年第15期2837-2852,I0001-I0005,2853,共22页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：山西农业大学省部共建有机旱作农业国家重点实验室自主研发项目(202002-5);山西农业大学生物育种工程项目(YZGC062);山西农业大学博士人才引进科研启动项目(2022BQ04);杂粮种质资源创新与分子育种国家实验室(筹)课题(202204010910001-28);山西省博士毕业生;博士后研究人员来晋工作奖励经费科研项目(SXBYKY2022071);山西省酿造高粱种业创新良种联合攻关项目(2022xczx05);山西省杂粮产业技术体系建设项目(2023CYJSTX03-08)。

摘　　要：【目的】解析高粱育种材料的表型性状变异规律和遗传多样性,探讨育种材料的综合评价方法,筛选高粱优异种质,为高粱种质创新与新品种选育提供重要依据。【方法】以263份不同来源的高粱种质为供试材料,2015—2016年在山西榆次对其17个表型性状进行鉴定,采用Shannon-Wiener’s多样性指数计算表型性状的遗传多样性,综合运用相关分析、主成分分析、聚类分析和逐步回归等方法对高粱种质进行综合评价,并根据综合评价F值及目标性状筛选出高粱优异种质。【结果】263份高粱育种材料具有较高的遗传多样性,不同性状的多样性指数分布范围为0.497—2.075,其中,穗形的多样性指数最小,穗柄长的多样性指数最大。不同年份7个数量性状的变异系数有所变化,变幅最小的是生育期,其次是穗长;变幅最大的是单穗粒重,其次是茎粗。育种材料综合评价表明在累计贡献率高于80%时,共发现11个主成分;利用隶属函数法计算表型综合值(F值),高粱育种材料的表型性状综合值(F值)平均为0.464,恢复系L28的F值最高(0.581),保持系72B/DORADO双的F值最低(0.330)。通过逐步回归建立了12个性状(主脉色、穗型、穗形、芒性、颖壳包被度、粒形、株型、茎粗、穗长、单穗粒重、千粒重和生育期)作为自变量的回归方程,可以作为高粱育种材料表型性状的综合评价指标。基于F值进行聚类,将263份供试材料分为6个类群,其中,第Ⅳ类群的33份材料农艺性状优良,平均F值最高,可作为材料创新及杂交育种的亲本材料。【结论】参试高粱种质表型性状遗传变异较为丰富,遗传多样性高,采用多元统计分析方法综合评价高粱种质是可行的;筛选出优异种质33份。【Objective】The present study analyzed the genetic variation of phenotypic traits and genetic diversity of sorghum breeding materials.Additionally,the study explored a comprehensive method for the evaluation of germplasm materials and screening of excellent sorghum germplasm to provide an important basis for sorghum germplasm innovation and variety selection.【Method】In total,263 sorghum germplasms from different sources were used as the test materials,and 17 phenotypic traits were identified under different environments for two years.Genetic diversity of the phenotypic traits was calculated based on the Shannon-Wiener information diversity index.The sorghum germplasms were comprehensively evaluated using the correlation analysis,principal component analysis,cluster analysis,and stepwise regression.Excellent sorghum germplasms were screened according to the phenotypic comprehensive evaluation value(F value)and target traits.【Result】Sorghum breeding materials exhibited high genetic diversity.The diversity index distribution of different traits ranged from 0.497 to 2.075,with the diversity index of spike shape being the smallest and that of spike stalk length being the largest.The coefficient of variation of seven plant height,stem diameter,panicle length,panicle stalk length,grain weight per spike,thousand grain weight,period of duration varied in different years;the smallest variation was observed in the period of duration,followed by the panicle length,whereas the largest variation was observed in grain weight per spike,followed by stem diameter.A comprehensive evaluation of the breeding materials showed that when the cumulative contribution percentage was>80%,the number of the total principal components was 11.F value of the sorghum breeding materials was calculated using the membership function method.The average F value was found to be 0.464,with the restorer line L28 having the highest F value(0.581)and the maintainer line 72B/DORADO having the lowest the F value(0.330).Through stepwise regression,

关 键 词：高粱 表型性状 遗传多样性 综合评价 

分 类 号：S514[农业科学—作物学]