中国家庭养老照料能力状况评估——基于指数综合评价法的研究  

Research on the Evaluation of the Elderly Family Care Ability in China:A study Based on the Index Synthesis Evaluation Method

作　　者：伍海霞[1] 王广州[1] WU Haixia;WANG Guangzhou

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院人口与劳动经济研究所

出　　处：《社会科学》2023年第8期127-139,共13页Journal of Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“城乡空巢家庭老年人养老研究”(项目编号:19BRK021)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：科学评估中国家庭养老照料能力不仅是积极应对人口老龄化需关注的重大议题,也是家庭养老模式需要回答的重要研究问题之一。文章构建了家庭照料负担和家庭照料能力指标,采用指数综合评价法,测算家庭照料负担总指数、照料能力总指数和家庭照料缺口指数,利用“中国老年人健康长寿跟踪调查”2018年数据分析了中国家庭养老照料能力,辨识家庭照料负担重、照料能力弱、照料缺口大的老年群体。研究发现,子女数、性别、婚姻状况、居住区域等特征与其家庭照料负担、家庭照料能力及照料缺口显著相关;有1或2个子女、女性、高龄、丧偶或离异、城市、东北地区的老年人的家庭照料负担更重、照料缺口大。基于调查数据的验证性分析结果表明,家庭照料能力综合评价方法对区分家庭照料能力弱的老年群体具有一定鉴别力。Family care capacity is one of the important issues that should be paid attention to during the process of actively respond to the aging population.This paper establishes the indicators of family care burden and family care capability,and uses the synthesis index evaluation method to measure the total index of family care burden,the total index of care ability and the family care gap index.Data of the Health and Longevity Tracking Survey of the Elderly in China in 2018 are used to make a confirmatory analysis on the evaluation indicators of family care ability and to identify the elderly groups with heavy family care burden,weak care ability and large care gap.The study found characteristics such as the number of children,gender,marital status,and region of residence were significantly correlated with their family care burden,family care capacity,and care capacity gap;older adults with one or two children,female,elderly,widowed or divorced,urban,and northeastern China had a heavier burden of family care and a larger care capacity gap.The results of synthesis index evaluation analysis based on the field survey data show that the evaluation indicators have certain discriminatory power,which can identify the elderly groups with heavy family burden,weak family care ability and large family care gap to a certain extent.

关 键 词：家庭照料负担 家庭照料能力 家庭照料缺口 指数综合评价法 

分 类 号：C913.6[经济管理]