4种乔木幼树的光合性状对氮添加的响应  

Photosynthesis characteristics of saplings of 4 tree species in response to nitrogen addition

作　　者：张翼 叶尔江·拜克吐尔汉 王宣璎 程艳霞[1] ZHANG Yi;BAIKETUERHAN Ye’erjiang;WANG Xuanying;CHENG Yanxia(College of Science,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830052,China;Key Laboratory at Universities of Education Department of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学理学院,北京100083 [2]新疆农业大学林学与风景园林学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [3]新疆干旱区林业生态与产业技术重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《森林与环境学报》2023年第5期457-464,共8页Journal of Forest and Environment

基　　金：国家重点研发计划重点专项项目“东北针阔混交林及珍贵阔叶林可持续经营技术集成示范”(2022YFD2201003)。

摘　　要：为探讨不同氮添加水平对4种乔木树种光合性状的影响以及不同树种间的差异,以红松、胡桃楸、水曲柳和黄檗的幼树为试验材料,在吉林省舒兰市开原林场开展氮添加试验。设置无氮(0 kg·hm^(-2)·a^(-1))、低氮(50 kg·hm^(-2)·a^(-1))和高氮(100 kg·hm^(-2)·a^(-1))3种水平的氮处理,测定了4种树种的光合参数、气孔行为参数和光谱反射指数,并进行多重比较,分析不同树种间光合能力的差异以及在不同氮处理下光合生理的变化。结果表明,在无氮处理下,红松和黄檗的净光合速率显著高于胡桃楸和水曲柳(P<0.05),表现出一定的相对竞争优势。氮处理抑制了红松的光合能力,高氮处理下胡桃楸和水曲柳的相对叶绿素含量(SPAD值)、气孔导度和蒸腾速率显著提高(P<0.05)。此外,氮处理下胡桃楸和黄檗的光化学反射指数显著降低(P<0.05),表明氮处理促进了植物光保护机制的触发。4种树种中,黄檗为强阳性树种,最适合在无林地上进行人工更新,水曲柳具有一定的耐阴性,在全光环境下处于相对劣势。施用氮肥可以提升胡桃楸和水曲柳的光合能力。红松对氮素的耐受能力相对较差,施用氮肥将抑制红松的光合能力。This study aims to explore the effects of adding various amounts of nitrogen on the photosynthesis characteristics of 4 tree species and the diversity in adaptability to nitrogen treatment among different tree species.A nitrogen addition experiment was established with 3 nitrogen addition levels in Kaiyuan Forestry Center,Shulan City,Jilin Province.The levels of N treatment were no nitrogen(0 kg·hm^(-2)·a^(-1)),low nitrogen(50 kg·hm^(-2)·a^(-1)),high nitrogen(100 kg·hm^(-2)·a^(-1)).4 afforestation tree species(Pinus koraiensis,Juglans mandshurica,Fraxinus mandshurica,and Phellodendron amurense)were selected to determine the photosynthetic parameters,stomatal behavior parameters,and spectral reflectance indices,with one-way analysis of variance and least significant difference method conducted to analyze the significance of differences among the 4 tree species and the photosynthetic physiological change of different nitrogen treatments.Pinus koraiensis and Phellodendron amurense had a higher net photosynthetic rate than J.mandshurica and F.mandshurica at no nitrogen treatment(P<0.05),showing a relative competitive advantage.Nitrogen treatments inhibited the photosynthetic capacity of Pinus koraiensis and the relative chlorophyll content,stomatal conductivity,and transpiration rate of J.mandshurica and F.mandshurica were increased at high nitrogen treatment(P<0.05).Furthermore,the photochemical reflectance index of J.mandshurica and Phellodendron amurense was decreased with nitrogen treatments(P<0.05),indicating that these treatments triggered the photoprotection mechanism.Phellodendron amurense,which belonged to the strong positive species,was most suitable for artificial regeneration on bare land.Meanwhile,due to its shade tolerance,F.mandshurica was relatively inferior in full sunlight.The photosynthetic capacity of J.mandshurica and F.mandshurica could be enhanced by applying nitrogen fertilizer.In contrast,the photosynthetic capacity of Pinus koraiensis would be inhibited,considering its sensitivity to n

关 键 词：氮处理 光合作用 气孔行为 光谱反射指数 人工更新 

分 类 号：S718.43[农业科学—林学]