《法德农民问题》中的农民教育思想及其当代价值  

Research of the Thoughts about Farmers'Education in Die Bauernfrage in Frankreich und Deutschland and Its Contemporary Enlightenment

作　　者：夏付斌 XIA Fu-bin(School of Marrism,Qufu Normal University,Rizhao 276826,China)

机构地区：[1]曲阜师范大学马克思主义学院,山东日照276826

出　　处：《前沿》2023年第3期32-41,共10页Forward Position

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“实施乡村建设行动中多元主体的行动逻辑及冲突治理研究”(21BZZ010)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《法德农民问题》是恩格斯晚年集中讨论农民问题的一篇重要著作,文章在批判法、德工人阶级政党关于农民问题错误观点的基础上论述了对农民进行正确的社会主义改造的方针。要想完成对农民的社会主义改造,就要通过对农民的教育来进一步争取农民,因而在《法德农民问题》中蕴含着深刻的农民教育思想,具体包括重视农民教育的思想、农民教育方法的思想、农民教育内容的思想。恩格斯首先强调了农民是政治力量的非常重要的因素,继而指明了争取农民对无产阶级政党的重要性。在农民教育的方法上,恩格斯强调在区分不同农民的基础上把握关键群体,在为其作出示范的基础上提供社会帮助,在尊重农民意志的基础上真诚对待农民,在维护农民利益的基础上为其投入资金。在农民教育的内容上,恩格斯指出不仅要教授农民从事大规模经营与工业性的副业的技术知识,还要从思想上向农民播撒“社会民主主义的种子”。当前,在我国实施乡村振兴战略以及推动共同富裕取得实质性进展的背景下,《法德农民问题》中所蕴含的农民教育思想依然具有重要的现实指导意义。Die Bauernfrage in Frankreich und Deutschland is an important article of Engels in his later years.On the basis of criticizing wrong views of the working-class political parties in French and Germany on the problem of farmers,this article discusses the policy of carrying out socialist transformation for farmers.The completion of over farmers;therefore,the Die Bauernfrage in Frankreich und Deutschland contains profound thoughts on farmerse'ducation.It includes the thought of attaching importance to farmers'education,the thought of farmers'education method and the thought of farmers'education content.Engels first emphasized that farmers were very important elements of political power,and then pointed out the importance of winning over the farmers to the party of the proletariat.In terms of methods of farmers'education,Engels emphasized the importance of identifying key groups based on the distinction between farmers,providing social assistance on the basis of demonstration,treating farmers sincerely on the basis of respecting their will,and providing funds for farmers on the basis of safeguarding their interests.In terms of content of farmers'education,Engels pointed out that farmers should be taught the technical knowledge of large-scale management and industrial sideline,and“seeds of social democracy”should be sown to them in ideology.At present,in the process of implementing the strategy of rural revitalization and promoting common prosperity to make substantial progress,thoughts about farmers'education contained in the Die Bauernfrage in Frankreich und Deutschland are still of important value of the times.

关 键 词：恩格斯 《法德农民问题》 农民教育 乡村振兴 共同富裕 

分 类 号：A811[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]