长期放牧干扰降低了短花针茅荒漠草原植物多样性  

Long-term grazing disturbance reduced plant diversity in Stipa breviflora desert steppe

作　　者：赵敏 赵坤 王赟博 殷国梅 刘思博 闫宝龙 孟卫军 吕世杰 韩国栋 ZHAO Min;ZHAO Kun;WANG Yun-bo;YIN Guo-mei;LIU Si-bo;YAN Bao-long;MENG Wei-jun;LYU Shi-jie;HAN Guo-dong(College of Grassland and Resource Environment,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China;Inner Mongolia Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China;College of Agriculture,Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities,Tongliao 028043,China;Comprehensive Security Center of Ordos Bureau of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Ordos 017010,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学草原与资源环境学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018 [2]内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010031 [3]内蒙古民族大学农学院,内蒙古通辽028043 [4]鄂尔多斯市农牧业局综合保障中心,内蒙古鄂尔多斯017010

出　　处：《草业学报》2023年第9期39-49,共11页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家牧草产业技术体系项目(CARS-34);国家自然科学基金(31560140,31260124);教育部重点实验室滚动支持(IRT_17R59);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)(XDA26020103);内蒙古自治区重大科技专项(2019ZD003)资助。

摘　　要：植物多样性提高是退化草地恢复的表现形式之一。过度放牧是草地退化的主要原因,禁牧和放牧对于草地植物多样性恢复的争议依旧存在。本研究以短花针茅荒漠草原为对象,2017年8月植物生长高峰期对围封13年(2004-2017年)不同放牧强度(禁牧、轻度放牧、中度放牧和重度放牧)处理的植物物种、密度、频度和盖度进行观测,并对植物物种、功能群的相对优势度以及植物多样性指数进行分析。结果显示:随着放牧强度的增加,Patrick丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数呈下降的变化趋势,并且禁牧显著高于重度放牧(P<0.05),Pielou均匀度指数在中度放牧下最高,并且显著高于重度放牧(P<0.05)。Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Simpson优势度指数与短花针茅重要值呈极显著负相关,而与冷蒿重要值呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),优势植物的相对优势度决定了植物多样性的高低。通过探讨不同强度放牧长期干扰对植物多样性的影响及机制,初步认为在短花针茅荒漠草原,禁牧是恢复退化草地植物物种多样性的理想途径之一,轻度放牧不会改变群落的稳定性。The improvement of plant diversity is one of the manifestations of the restoration of degraded grassland.Overgrazing is the main cause of grassland degradation,and there is still controversy over grazing prohibition and grazing for the restoration of grassland plant diversity.In this study,Stipa breviflora desert steppe was selected as the object.During the peak of plant growth in August 2017,plant species,density,frequency and coverage were observed under different grazing intensities(no grazing,light grazing,moderate grazing and heavy grazing)in the enclosed steppe for 13 years(2004-2017).The relative dominance of plant species,functional groups and plant diversity index were analyzed.The results show that:with the increase of grazing intensity,the Patrick richness index,Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Simpson dominance index showed a decreasing trend,and no grazing exclusion was significantly higher than heavy grazing(P<0.05).Pielou evenness index under moderate grazing was the highest,and was significantly higher than heavy grazing(P<0.05).Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Simpson dominance index were extermely negative correlated with the important value of S.breviflora,but extermely positive correlated with the important value of Artemisia frigida(P<0.01).The relative dominance of dominant plants determined the level of plant diversity.By studying the effects of grazing intensity on plant diversity and its mechanism,we concluded that no grazing is one of the ideal ways to restore plant species diversity of degraded grassland in S.breviflora desert steppe,and light grazing will not change the stability of community.

关 键 词：放牧 荒漠草原 植物多样性 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]