从“婇女”到“度母”——论佛教信仰中女性角色嬗变之现实逻辑  

From"Concubines"to"Goddess"-On the Realistic Logic of the Evolution of Female Roles in Buddhist Belief

作　　者：王耘[1] WANG Yun(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Soochow University,Suzhou Jiangsu 215123,China)

机构地区：[1]苏州大学文学院,江苏苏州215123

出　　处：《安徽师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第5期15-22,共8页Journal of Anhui Normal University(Hum.&Soc.Sci.)

摘　　要：女性角色在佛教信仰中常是一种带有不确定性而被他者不断预设的被动客体和边缘立场。从文化哲学视角切入,可考察佛教信仰中女性角色嬗变的现实逻辑。起初,就个体体验而言,性欲之“主体”身份的“凸显”使女性成为化导男性性欲必要而不充分的“有效选项”——在印度佛教信仰中,女性所要实现的觉悟,践行的既是对性欲本身的反省,又是对自身性别劣势的批判。继而,随着佛教在世界范围内传播,西域佛教将佛教信仰的基础奠定在“圣像”系统上,各种地方文化基因渗透于“西方佛国”想象的同时,佛陀的性别取向实现了对男性与女性的同时超越抑或双向糅合,而更接近于女性。最终,以家庭身份来看,在一个以宗法制度为组织结构的中国佛教信仰世界里,女性在家庭中的特殊角色——“母亲”,推动佛教信仰回到有情世界的“现场”。In Buddhist belief,women are always a passive object and marginal position with uncertainty,which is con-stantly presupposed by others.From the perspective of cultural philosophy,this paper intends to investigate the realis-tic logic of the evolution of female roles in Buddhist beliefs.At first,in terms of individual experience,the"promi-nence"of the"subject"identity of sexual desire makes women a necessary but insufficient"effective option"to guide male sexual desire—In the Indian Buddhist faith,the enlightenment that women want to achieve is both a reflection on sexual desire itself and a critique of their own gender disadvantage.Then,with the spread of Buddhism in the world,Buddhism in the Western Regions laid the foundation of Buddhist belief on the"religious portrait"system.While various local cultural genes permeate the imagination of the"Western Buddhist countries",the Buddha's gender orientation has realized the transcendence or bidirectional combination of male and female at the same time,and is closer to the female.Finally,from the perspective of family identity,in a Chinese Buddhist belief world with patriar-chal system as the organizational structure,the special role of women in the family—"mother",pushes Buddhist belief back to the"scene"of the world of sentient beings.

关 键 词：佛教信仰 女性角色 婇女 度母 圣像 

分 类 号：B948[哲学宗教—宗教学]