广西乙肝疫苗免疫30年乙型肝炎流行病学分析  

Epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis B in Guangxi,30 years after the implementation of hepatitis B vaccine immunization

作　　者：王学燕[1] 蒋智华[1] 宫晨[2] 陈钦艳[1] 张陆娟[1] 胡莉萍[1] 邓革红[2] 韩姗姗 WANG Xueyan;JIANG Zhihua;GONG Chen;CHEN Qinyan;ZHANG Lujuan;HU Liping;DENG Gehong;HAN Shanshan(Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Nanning,Guangxi 530028,China)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区疾病预防控制中心广西病毒性肝炎防治研究重点实验室,广西南宁530028 [2]广西壮族自治区疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《应用预防医学》2023年第4期205-209,235,共6页Applied Preventive Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81860595);广西重点研发计划(2018AB59002)。

摘　　要：目的了解广西实行乙型肝炎疫苗(乙肝疫苗)接种后,当地乙型肝炎(乙肝)发病流行趋势,评价乙肝防控效果,为今后制定相应防治策略提供依据。方法采用描述性流行病学研究方法,以病例数、发病率、构成比等指标描述分析广西30年乙肝流行病学特征。结果1992—2021年广西累计报告乙肝病例997568例,年均报告发病率为70.67/10万,其中1992年发病率为28.28/10万,2021年高达114.13/10万;城市发病率高于乡镇;男性发病率高于女性;0~9岁、10~19岁组青少年儿童发病率较低;农民的发病人数最多。随时间变化,乙肝发病率呈上升趋势,但基本都接种过乙肝疫苗的0~29岁组人群自2012年起发病率呈下降趋势,发病高峰由20~29岁组转移到30~39岁组。结论广西乙肝防控工作取得了一定成效。今后除了继续做好新生儿乙肝免疫工作外,还要加强成人乙肝防控健康知识宣教,尤其是重点人群的乙肝防控工作。Objective To understand the local hepatitis B(referred to as hepatitis B)epidemic trend after the implementation of hepatitis B vaccine(HBV vaccine)in Guangxi,evaluate the effect of hepatitis B prevention and control,and provide a basis for formulating corresponding prevention and control strategies in the future.Methods The descriptive epidemiological research method was used to describe and analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis B in Guangxi in the past 30 years,with the number of cases,incidence rate,composition ratio and other indicators.Results From 1992 to 2021,a total of 997568 hepatitis B cases were reported in Guangxi,with an average annual reported incidence rate of 70.67/100000,of which the incidence rate in 1992 was 28.28/100000,and it was as high as 114.13/100000 in 2021.The incidence rate in cities was higher than towns.The incidence rate of males was higher than females.The incidence rate of adolescents and children aged 0-9 years and 10-19 years was relatively low.Farmers had the highest number of cases.Over time,the total reported incidence of hepatitis B showed an increasing trend,but since 2012,the incidence rate among 0-29 age group who had basically been vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine showed a downward trend,and the incidence peak had transitioned from the 20-29 age group to the 30-39 age group.Conclusions The effect of prevention and control of hepatitis B in in Guangxi has achieved certain results.In the future,in addition to continuing on the neonatal hepatitis B immunization implementation,it is also necessary to strengthen the health education of adult hepatitis B prevention and control,especially the prevention and control of hepatitis B among key groups.

关 键 词：乙型肝炎(乙肝) 乙型肝炎疫苗(乙肝疫苗) 发病趋势 流行特征 

分 类 号：R512.6[医药卫生—内科学]